Period Ⅲ Grammar———非限制性定语从句 观察下面的句子，并感知非限制性定语从句的用法。 1.This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co－winner)，whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin，a crucial new treatment for malaria. 2.In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan，where malaria was more common，to study malaria patients. 3.Later，the medicine was tested on malaria patients，most of whom recovered. 4.This medicine，which was called artemisinin，soon became a standard treatment for malaria. 一、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别 名称 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 作用 起限定作用，限制或约束先行词，不可去掉，否则主句意义不完整 对整个句子的意义并不重要，即使去掉，原句仍有意义 结构 不用逗号与主句隔开 用逗号与主句隔开 功能 对先行词起修饰限定作用 对先行词起补充说明作用 关系词 1.作宾语时可省略，介词之后的关系词不能省略 2.可用that 1.作宾语时不可省略 2.不可用that 3.不可用why They were especially thankful to Tim who didn’t give up hope when chances seemed to be slim.(限制性定语从句，先行词是Tim) 他们特别感谢蒂姆，他在机会渺茫的时候没有放弃希望。 Three months later，I did a second survey，which showed great improvements in self－discipline.(非限制性定语从句，先行词是a second survey) 三个月后，我做了第二次调查，结果显示自律能力有了很大提高。 A pot of flowers sat in the back seat，whose heavenly scent filled the car.(非限制性定语从句，先行词是A pot of flowers) 车的后座上放着一盆花，花香弥漫在车内。 Bullying is a major problem (that) we haven’t been able to stop.(限制性定语从句，先行词是problem) 欺凌是一个我们一直未能制止的重大问题。 [巧学助记] 定从分类有奥妙，限与非限看逗号； 定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜； 定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系。 二、非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法 1.who，whom，whose的用法 (1)关系代词who，whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人。 But then，we were only kids，who wouldn’t have anything take away our happiness. 但那时，我们还是孩子，不会让任何东西夺走我们的幸福。 (2)关系代词who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whom作宾语；介词后用whom，不用who。 We focused our flashlights on Andy，whom/who we’d forgotten，sitting in the corner with his arms around his bear. 我们把手电筒对准了已经被我们遗忘的安迪，他坐在角落里，双臂搂着他的熊。 (3)whose作定语，先行词是人时，“whose＋n.”相当于“the＋n.＋of whom”。先行词是物时，“whose＋n.”相当于“the＋n.＋of which”。 So I went to the door and saw a delivery man，whose arms/the arms of whom were full of parcels. 于是我走到门口，看见一个送货员，他的怀里全是包裹。 2.which，as的用法 (1)两者在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 A hair－raising section concerns the building of the railroads，which entailed drilling through the Rockies，often in blinding snowstorms.(2022·全国乙卷) 令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。 The ring，which I bought yesterday，is too expensive. 这戒指，我昨天买的太贵了。 As is clearly shown in the chart carried out in a questionnaire，approaches to learning English vary from person to person.(2022· ... ...
