辨析spend, pay, cost, take四个花费，及辨析sometime, sometimes, some time, some times（含答案）

【辨析】spend, pay, cost, take 单词 主语 宾语 常见结构 原-过式-过分 spend 人 时间 钱 人+spend＋时间/钱on sth. 人+spend＋时间/钱(in)doing sth. spend-spent-spent pay 人 钱 人+pay＋钱+for sth. pay-paid-paid cost 物 钱 物＋cost sb.＋钱 cost-cost-cost take (it)物 时间 It takes sb. 时间＋to do sth. take-took-taken 这四个词都有“花费”之意，但用法各异，区别这四个词的关键有三点：一是看主语是人还是物；二是看宾语时间还是金钱；三是看句式结构。 一、看主语: spend, pay都有p(people, person),所以主语是人。 cost, take都有t(thing),所以主语是物。 二、看宾语： spend(单词最长，有时间又有钱)； pay, cost(穷得只剩下钱)；take(单词前后的字母都和time一致，只能花时间)。 三、句式结构，句子互换： 1、当表花费“钱”时，spent、pay、和cost的句子可以互换。 例: I spent 50 yuan on the schoolbag. = The schoolbag cost me 50 yuan. = I paid 50 yuan for the schoolbag. 2、当表花费"时间"时，spend 句型可以和take 句型互换。 例: Jack spends two hours (in) doing his homework every day. = It takes Jack two hours to do his homework every day. Exercises: 一、 单选题 1. How much does the ticket ____ from Shanghai to Beijing A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay 2.We ____ a lot of time reading English every morning. A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay 3.My mother ____ 200 yuan for the new shoes. A. spent B. cost C. took D. paid 4.It ____ the workers half a year to build the bridge. 5.The project ____ a lot of money and manpower. If it fails, we will ____ a heavy price. A. costs; pay B. spends; cost C. takes; pay D. costs; spend 6.The book ____ me ten yuan. A. spent B. cost C. took D. paid 7.It ____ him two hours to get to the airport. A. spent B. cost C. took D. paid 二、同义句转换题 1. She spent 50 dollars on the dress. - 转换为：She _____ _____ _____ _____the dress. 或者The dress _____ _____50 dollars. 2.The journey took them three days. - 转换为：They _____ _____ _____ _____ the journey. 三、翻译题 1.他花了很多时间玩游戏。（用spend） - 翻译：_____ 2.这部电影花了我30元。（用cost） - 翻译：_____ 3.我花了一个小时打扫房间。（用take） - 翻译：_____ 4.她为那顶帽子付了20美元。（用pay） - 翻译：_____ 【辨析】sometime, sometimes, some time, some times 【辨析】先看sometime和sometimes: 1. sometime: someone是某人，同理sometime就是某时（某个时候）。表示某个不确定，不具体的时间点，常用于过去式或将来时，对它提问用when。 2. sometimes：可以理解为sometime的复数，多个某时→时不时→有时。表示动作发生的频率不是很高，比较随机，多用于一般现在时，对它提问用how often。 【辨析】再看some time和some times: 3. some time: 两个单词是分开的，所以逐个理解。Some一些，time时间，所以some time一些时间，即一段时间。句子谓语动词常为延续性动词，对它提问用how long。 4. some times: 时间为不可数名词，没复数，times是次数或倍数的复数。所以some times几次或几倍。对它提问用how many times。 例句： 1. —When will you go there —I will go there sometime tomorrow. 2. —How often do you exercise —I sometimes exercise. 3. —How long do you need to finish this work —I need some time to finish this work. 4. —How many times have you been there —I have been ... ...