中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明句中主语和谓语动词的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者,则使用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,则使用被动语态。被动语态的句子以“be动词+过去分词”的形式来表达。主动语态变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,将主动谓语变为被动谓语,将主动语态的主语变为by短语。本章讲解被动语态的构成、类型、使用时的注意事项,以及从主动语态如何变为被动语态。 典型例句:Many people speak English.(主动语态) English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)(许多人说英语。) 1.被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be动词+过去分词”构成,如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时,句子后面需接by...,译为“被/由……”。其中be动词要根据人称、数和时态发生变化,be动词后面的过去分词不变。 1.被动语态的时态 被动语态的各种时态是通过be动词的时态变化来体现的,be动词是什么时态,全句就是什么时态。以动词give为例,其被动语态的十种时态的构成如下表: 式 时 一般 进行 完成 现在 am/is/are given am/is/are being given has/have been given 过去 was/were given was/were being given had been given 将来 shall/will be given — shall/will have been given 过去将来 should/would be given — should/would have been given 重要:大部分动词都有以下五种变化形式(以use为例): 原形:use;现在时:use,uses;过去时:used;现在分词:using;过去分词:used A.一般现在时 History is made by the people.(历史是人民创造的。) Confucius’ works are still read by many people today.(今天孔子的论著仍被许多人阅读。) B.一般过去时 The abacus was invented in the sixth century.(算盘发明于6世纪。) The Eiffel Tower was completed in 1989.(埃菲尔铁塔建成于1889年。) C.一般将来时 Liuxiang will also be asked to appear in advertisements and films. (刘翔也将被邀请去拍广告和电影。) More subway lines will be built in the future.(将来会建造更多的地铁线路。) D.过去将来时 Toby said the new hotel would be built in six months. (托比说6个月后新旅馆就会建好的。) E.现在进行时 A new railway is being built.(一条新的铁路正在修建中。) F.过去进行时 The roads were being widened then.(路那时正在拓宽。) G.现在完成时 These plants have been grown without the use of any chemicals. (种植这些植物未使用任何化学物质。) H.过去完成时 A new hotel had been built when I got there.(我到那儿时,一座新旅馆已经建好了。) I.将来完成时 Many new stadiums and gyms will have been built in London by next year. (到明年许多新的体育场馆将在伦敦建成。) J.过去将来完成时 The day was drawing near when the reservoir would have been completed. (离水库完工的日子不远了。) 比较:将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作,并常会对将来某一时间产生一定影响。 过去将来完成时表示从过去时刻预计将来某一时间之前完成的动作,并常会对那时产生一定影响。 2.被动语态的句型 (1)被动语态的肯定句 句型:主语+be+过去分词+(by...). The child is well loved by people.(这个孩子很招人喜爱。) People in the world are influenced by Confucius’ thoughts. (世界上的人们受到孔子思想的影响。) (2)被动语态的否定句 句型:主语+be not+过去分词+(by...). Mark Twain isn’t known as a great thinker. (马克·吐温并不是 ... ...
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