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课件网) 基本原则：表示两个或两个以上的人或物等复数意义，动词用复数；如果表示同一人、同一物、同一概念等单数意义，动词用单数。 关键：确定并列主语的单、复数意义。单、复数意义的确定主要根据语境，以下几点或有助于做出判断： （1）通过and前后的冠词判断 并列主语and前后如果都有冠词修饰，通常表复数意义；如果只在and前有冠词修饰，一般表单数意义。例如： a. The director and the chief engineer are experienced persons. （“厂长和总工程师”指两个人） b. A worker and engineer was present at the meeting. （“一位工人工程师”指同一个人） 由and / both ... and连接的并列主语 1 c. The white and the red rose were withering in the cold. （“白玫瑰和红玫瑰”指两朵花） d. The white and red rose was withering in the cold. （“红白相间的玫瑰”指一朵花） （2）熟悉一些合成食品名称、配套使用的物品名称、表同一概念的固定结构 ①有些由物质名词组成的并列结构，它们是一种固定食品名称，视为单数。 例如： fish and chips（炸鱼薯条）；bread and butter（黄油面包）；ham and eggs（火腿加鸡蛋）；whisky and soda（加苏打水的威士忌）；bacon and eggs（培根煎蛋）等等。 形容词性物主限定词也可归入此类记忆。如：Her lawyer and her former friend were with her on her trip to America. 提示 ②有些由两个物件组成的物品，配套使用，也可视为单数意义。 例如： a knife and fork（一副刀叉）；a bow and arrow（一副弓箭）；a cup and saucer（一套杯碟）；a cart and horse（一架马车）；a needle and thread（针线）；the wheel and axle（轮轴）；the hammer and sickle（铁锤镰刀旗）；the Stars and Stripes（星条旗）等等。 ③还有些并列结构，固定在一起使用，通常表达一个概念，也视为单数意义。 例如： law and order（法律与秩序）；war and peace（战争与和平）；trial and error（试错法，反复尝试）；iron and steel（钢铁）；blood and iron（铁血政策）；science and technology（科学技术）；sum and substance（实质）；truth and honesty（真诚）；wit and humor（机智与幽默）；all work and no play（只工作不玩耍）；early to bed and early to rise（早睡早起）等等。 注意：上述并列结构有时因语境的不同，也可能看作复数意义。 例如： a. Science and technology are activities that involve human values. （“科学和技术”指两种人类活动） b. Science and technology is one of the inputs they use. （指笼统的“科技投入”） （3）由and连接的并列修饰语 + 不可数名词作主语,若相当于省略结构，一般视为复数，否则常视为单数 例如： a. American and Dutch beer are both much lighter than British beer. （“美国啤酒和荷兰啤酒”指两种啤酒） b. Simple and plain living is a fine quality. （“生活简朴”是一个概念） 备注 （4）带有each，every，many a，no等限定词修饰的并列名词词组作主语，谓语动词用单数 例如： Every statesman and every near statesman nowadays has his biographers.（相当于Every statesman nowadays has his biographers and every near statesman nowadays has his biographers.） Many a businessman and educator was for it.（=Many a businessman was for it and many an educator was for it.） 备注 一般原则：or，nor，either ... or，neither ... nor，not only ... but also连接的并列主语，正式语体中通常按照“就近原则”。 （1）由neither … ... ...
