新概念英语第二册 Lesson 51 Reward for virtue 句子分析（学案）

_____ 中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 新概念英语第二册 Lesson51 Reward for virtue 句子分析 Lesson51 1. “My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.” - 这是一个并列复合句，由并列连词“but”连接两个句子。 - “My friend, Hugh, has always been fat”部分：“My friend, Hugh”是主语，其中“Hugh”是对“my friend”的同位语，用于进一步明确所指对象；“has been”是系动词的现在完成进行时形式，“fat”是形容词作表语，整体表达一种持续的状态。 - “things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet”部分：“things”是主语，“got”是系动词（此处是系动词get的过去式，意为“变得”），“so bad”是形容词短语作表语；“recently”是时间状语；“that he decided to go on a diet”是结果状语从句，在该从句中，“he”是主语，“decided”是谓语（一般过去时），“to go on a diet”是动词不定式短语作宾语，“go on a diet”表示“节食”。 2. “He began his diet a week ago.” - 主语是“He”（他），谓语是“began”（开始，begin的过去式），“his diet”是宾语，“a week ago”是时间状语，表明动作发生的时间。 3. “First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.” - “First of all”是状语，用于表示顺序，起强调先后步骤的作用；主语是“he”（他），谓语是“wrote out”（写出，write out的过去式，是一个动词短语），“a long list of all the foods”是宾语，其中“a long list”是中心词，“of all the foods”是介词短语作后置定语修饰“list”；“which were forbidden”是定语从句，修饰先行词“foods”，在定语从句中，“which”作主语，“were forbidden”是谓语（一般过去时的被动语态，表示“被禁止”）。 4. “The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets.” - 主语是“The list”（清单），谓语是“included”（包含，include的过去式），“most of the things Hugh loves”是宾语，其中“most of the things”是中心词，“Hugh loves”是省略了关系代词“that”的定语从句，修饰“things”；“butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets”是对“most of the things”的具体列举，用于进一步说明所包含的内容。 5. “Yesterday I paid him a visit.” - “Yesterday”是时间状语；主语是“I”（我），谓语是“paid”（pay的过去式，“进行（访问等）”的意思，此处构成“pay sb. a visit”这一短语，表示“拜访某人”），“him”是间接宾语，“a visit”是直接宾语。 6. “I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.” - 这是一个并列句，由并列连词“and”连接两个句子。 - “I rang the bell”部分：主语是“I”（我），谓语是“rang”（按响，ring的过去式），“the bell”是宾语。 - “was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever”部分：主语是“I”（承前省略），“was not surprised”是系表结构（be surprised是常用表达，此处用其否定形式，“not surprised”表示“不惊讶的”状态），“to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever”是动词不定式短语作原因状语，在这个不定式短语中，“that Hugh was still as fat as ever”是动词“see”的宾语从句，在该宾语从句里，“Hugh”是主语，“was”是系动词，“still as fat as ever”是表语，“as fat as ever”是比较结构，用于描述状态与以往一样胖。 7. “ ... ...