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课件网) The presentation in the college entrance examination Infinitive -- act as attributive 目录 01 Definition and structure 02 As the attributive 03 Exercise 04 Summary Part 1 Definition and structure 不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,由“to+动词原形”构成,没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。 但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。 Definition of infinitives: “非”谓语即就是“不是”谓语,把不能、不必做谓语的动词,用另一种形式表现,就是非谓语的形式。 主动语态 被动语态 意义 一般式 to do to be done 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后 进行式 to be doing 表示谓语动作发生时, 不定式的动作正在进行 完成式 to have done to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 基本结构: “ to + 动词原形”, to是不定式标志, 无意义, 有时不定式符号to可省略。 否定形式: not to + 动词原形 Structures of infinitive Part 2 The Infinitive as the Attributive Lead-in 不定式作定语,一般放在所修饰的名词、代词后面。例如: I have a lot of work to do. She is the first student to come to school. There is nothing to worry about. The conference to take place in Shanghai next week is of great impartance. 动词不定式作定语: 通常是后置定语,即放在被修饰词后。 (1)不定式作定语表示还未发生的动作。 I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch.(天津高考) 开会期间,我一直在看钟表,因为我要赶火车 The conference to be held in Zhengzhou next month is bound to be a great success. 下月将在郑州召开的会议一定会圆满成功。 【四川高考真题改编】 The airport (complete) next year, will help promote tourism in this area. 解析:to be completed。句意:明年竣工的机场将会帮助推动该地区旅游业的发展。分析:分析句子结构可知空处作定语修饰The airport,它所表示的动作尚未发生,故用动词不定式,且complete与The airport之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以使用动词不定式的被动形式。 (2)当中心词是序数词或是被序数词、形容词最高级、the next、the only、the last等词语修饰时,常用不定式作后置定语。 He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts. 他是一个总是吃苦在前、享乐在后的人。 Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature. 人类生活被认为是自然的一部分,同样,我们存活下去的唯一的方法是和自然和谐相处。 【2022全国甲卷语法填空】 A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hicked 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step (journey) the Belt and Road route by foot. 解析:to journey。句意:近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结构可知,journey在此为动词,表示"旅行",step前面有序数词first step,应用不定式做后置定语,故填to journey。 (3)抽象名词ability、chance、idea、wish、right、fact、excuse、promise、attempt、opportunity、way、ambition等后常用动词不定式作定语。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 注意:不定式作定语时,若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者,用主动形式;若句子主语不是不定式动作 ... ...