(
课件网) 第一部分 中考语法知识 第八节 动词 动词是表示人和事物的动作或状态的词，具有人称、数、时态和语态等语法范畴。动词经常充当句子的谓语或谓语的组成部分。动词可分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。 语法精炼 考点一：实义动词、系动词与助动词 类别 用法 例句 实义动词 实义动词可分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词表示动作或状态，不能单独作谓语，后接宾语；不及物动词表示动作或状态，能单独作谓语，但后面不能直接接宾语，如果需要接宾语则应先与介词或副词构成短语 More and more people are learning Chinese now. The students are listening to the teacher carefully. 类别 用法 例句 系动词 系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成系表结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。常见的系动词有be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, keep, seem, sound, taste, smell等 Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. I am feeling very upset. 类别 用法 例句 助动词 助动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问以及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征，助动词有be, do, have, shall, will等 How do you usually come to school The child isn’t playing yo-yo now. 【针对练习】 ( )1．(2024 广州，19)The next day, when my classmates were talking with the old people, I really felt nervous to _____ any of them. A．accept B．join C．invite D．guide B ( )2．(2024 兰州，2)The beautiful melodies(旋律) from her guzheng _____ tons of attention from listeners. A．got B．gave C．paid D．showed ( )3．(2024 长春，16)When my friend suggested that we join the new Tai Chi(太极拳) Club, I thought he was _____. A．joking B．waiting C．reading D．explaining A A ( )4．(2024 南充，15)We all _____ Mr. White for giving such a meaningful lesson which made a difference to us. A．troubled B．excused C．feared D．thanked ( )5．Listen! The country music _____ so sweet. A．smells B．sounds C．feels D．looks D B 考点二：情态动词 情态动词本身有一定的词义，但也要与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的态度和看法或表示可能、应该、必要等，给谓语动词增添感彩。 一、情态动词的分类 序号 类别 例词 1 只作情态动词的词 can (could), may (might), must 2 既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的词 need, dare 3 可作情态动词也可作助动词的词 will (would), shall (should) 4 具有情态动词特征的词组 have (has/had) to, ought to, had better 二、情态动词的特征 序号 类别 例词 1 通常无人称和数的变化 I can sing. She can sing. We both can sing. 2 后接动词原形，与其一起构成谓语 Kevin can go home alone. 3 将含有情态动词构成谓语的句子变成否定句或疑问句时不需要再添加其他助动词 Conrad can fix this car. →Conrad cannot fix this car. →What can Conrad fix Jane must go. →Must Jane go？ 三、常见情态动词的用法 序号 类别 例句 1 以would, could提问的回答，要特别注意其表示委婉语气时的答语 —Would you like to go for a walk in the park —Yes, I’d like/love to. —Could you please lend me some money —Sorry, I can’t. 序号 类别 例句 2 以may开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用can或may, 否定回答用mustn’t或can’t, 通常不说may not —May I book a restaurant ... ...
