Unit 10 Connections>Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We?语法 过去时被动语态 导学案（无答案）-2024-2025学年高中英语北师大版选择性

邓州市 高二 年级 英语 (学科)导学案 编号： 6 设计人： 审核人： 课型：语法课 班级： 姓名： 小组： 课题： U10 过去时中的被动语态 第 1 课时 学习目标: 1.学习过时中的被动语态各种结构及表达的意义 2.能在不同语境中准确运用过去时被动语态 1．被动语态的概念 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者时，为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者时，为被动语态。 即学即练1　完成句子 ①The book _____ (已经借出去了) when I got to the library. ②He _____ (被嘲笑) by all people around him. ③Two paintings displayed in the gallery _____ (被卖出) yesterday. ④Several factories _____ (在郊区被建造) before a school was set up. 2．被动语态的构成 (1)被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，时态通过助动词be表现出来。 Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday. 昨天山上种了许多树。 ①现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are＋being＋及物动词的过去分词 A new teaching building is being built in our school. 我们学校正在建一栋新的教学楼。 ②含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词 Your homework must be handed in now. 你的家庭作业必须现在上交。 (2)过去时包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时，其被动语态分述如下： ①一般过去时：was/were＋及物动词的过去分词 Quite a few masterpieces painted by the famous painter were displayed in the gallery last week. 这位著名画家画的许多杰作上周在美术馆里展出了。 ②过去进行时：was/were＋being＋及物动词的过去分词 A new factory was being built in our city at that time. 那时我们城市正在建一座新工厂。 ③过去将来时： a．would/should＋be＋及物动词的过去分词 b．was/were＋going to be＋及物动词的过去分词 They told us that the conflict would be settled soon and the plan would be carried out as planned. 他们告诉我们，冲突将很快得到解决，计划将按计划执行。 He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour. 他认为你的表一小时后就会被修。 ④过去完成时：had＋been＋及物动词的过去分词 He said that some new factories had been built in the city. 他说在这座城市里已经建了一些新工厂。 即学即练2　把主动语态改为被动语态 ①My father gave me a new book on my birthday. →I _____ on my birthday (by my father). →A new book _____ on my birthday (by my father). ②My father bought me a new computer yesterday. →I _____ yesterday (by my father). →A new computer _____ yesterday (by my father). [误区警示] ①“get＋及物动词的过去分词”表被动。指主语遭遇变化或不好的事件。 He got caught in the rain last night. 他昨晚被雨淋了。 ②动词带有双宾语时，可把其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面，变为被动句主语的通常是间接宾语。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 他妈妈送给他一件生日礼物。 →He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.(也可改A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday.) ③当“动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构变为被动结构时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 The manager found a cook smoking in the canteen and fired him on the spot. 经理发现一个厨师在食堂抽烟，当场解雇了他。 ＝A cook was found smoking in the canteen by the manager and was fired on the spot ... ...