XB4U3 Grammar By the end of this section, students will be able to: 1. To identify and categorize noun clauses; 2. To summarize the rules of noun clauses; 3. To complete a conversation using noun clauses. Step1 Warming up Fill in the blanks with proper linking words and determine which type of noun clauses they are. (1) _____ the new plan can be put into practice remains to be seen. (2) Jack was late for school again. That is _____ he was stuck in heavy traffic this morning. (3) Do not let any failure discourage you, for you can never tell _____ close you may be to your dream. (4) A brilliant thought came to me _____ I might turn to my parents for help. Step2. Working out the rules A noun clause acts like a (1)_____ and can function as the subject, object, predicative or appositive in the sentence. We often use linking words like (2)_____, whether/if or a question word to introduce a noun clause. List the common linking words for noun clauses. 连接词：_____ 连接代词：_____ 连接副词：_____ 名词性从句包括:_____从句;_____从句;_____从句;_____从句。 重点突破 1. 主语从句 1) that 从句位于句首时，that ____(能/不能）省略。 e.g. That he won the game didn’t surprise us at all. 2)主语从句可放在句首，也可放在句尾(用it作形式主语)。 e.g. What I’d like you to work on is the revision exercise on the website. It is still uncertain whether he’s coming or not tonight. 2. 宾语从句 1) 当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句_____。 e.g. I thought it was strange that she hadn’t heard of the news. 2) 当主句的主语是第一人称，且谓语为think, believe, suppose等动词时， 如果宾语从句表示否定意思，通常否定前移，即否定主句的谓语。 e.g. I don’t suppose they’d start the trip without us. 3) 宾语从句亦可用作介词的宾语。 e.g. If you’ve got any questions about what I’ve said so far, I’d be happy to answer them. 4) 引导宾语从句的连词that在口语中可省略，但在下列情况中，that需保留： a. 主、从句之间有表示时间等的状语时that不能省略，否则会产生歧义。 e.g. My friend Lisa said yesterday afternoon that she came across one of our classmates in the bookstore. b. 主、从句之间有插入语时不可省去that。 e.g. I think that, in any case, Tom will do his best to complete the task. c. 引导两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第二个以及第二个以后的宾语从句中的that不能省略。 e.g. Everyone saw what was happening and that the little boy was really scared. 3. 表语从句 1) 当主语是reason且后面的表语从句表示原因时，通常用_____引导；而当it，this或that作主语，后面的表语从句表示原因时，常用_____引导。 e.g. The reason everyone is cheering is that it’s just been declared a national holiday. It / This / That is because you are saying too much. 2) 表语从句还可由as if / as though引导。as if / as though引导表语从句时, 主句中的动词可用be, seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。 e.g. He looked as if / as though he hadn’t washed for a week. It sounded as if / as though he was trying to say something. 4. 同位语从句 1) 同位语从句通常由that引导，但whether, why, where等有时也可引导同位语从句。 e.g. Ther ... ...
