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课件网) Unit 3 The Internet Discovering Useful Structures The present perfect passive voice 肯定式 主语＋have/has been done ... 否定式 主语＋have/has not been done ... 一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done ... 特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ... 1. 短语动词的被动语态 “及物动词+副词”“及物动词+介词”以及“及物动词+副词+介词”构成的短语动词可用于被动结构。 At last they put out the fire. → At last the fire was put out. Have you sent for a doctor → Has the doctor been sent for My classmates caught up with me in this exam. → I was caught up with by my classmates in this exam. 许多“不及物动词+介词”以及“不及物动词+副词+介词”构成的短语动词相当于及物动词，也可以有宾语，也可用于被动结构。 The boys laughed at him for the foolish mistake. → He was laughed at for the foolish mistake. They looked down on peasants in the old days. → Peasants were looked down on in the old days. 现在完成时谓语动词的构成 have/has+ done 1.have &has 当主语是 ___，用has; 当主语是 _____，用have。 第三人称单数 其他人称 2.done在现在完成时中叫_____ 除不规则变化外，一般情况加ed 过去分词 现在完成时的基本句型 现在完成时 ( Active Voice ) 肯定式 have/has done 否定式 have/has not done 一般疑问句 have/has + 主 + done？ （have/has提前） 特殊疑问句 疑问词+have/has + 主 + done？ (疑问词+一般疑问句) 1.Read the pairs of sentences. Underline and compare the different verb forms. 现在完成时被动语态的构成: Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet. The Internet has greatly improved Jan’s life. Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web. Verb form Active Passive have/has + been + done 主语和动作之间是主动关系 主语和动作之间是被动关系 have/has + done 2.Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice. 1.They’ve built a kind of new PC with more functions. A kind of new PC has been built with more functions. …已经被建造 2. Someone has lost an identity card. An identity card has been lost. …已经丢失了 注意事项 1.与一般过去时的被动语态的区别 时态 动作发生的时间 对现在有无影响 一般过去时 的被动语态 过去 无 现在完成时的 被动语态 过去 有 The program was downloaded yesterday. 这个程序是昨天下载下来的。 The program has been downloaded. 这个程序已经下载下来了。 2. borrow,begin,start,buy, marry,open,join等非延续性动词的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，需要改变动词或时态。这本书借了一周了。 The book has been borrowed for a week. (x) The book has been kept for a week.(√) 这个工程已经开始多久了？ How long has this project been started (×) How long ago was this project started (√) 【学法点拨】 非延续性动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有持续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间状语连用。 This book has not been borrowed since last week. 自上周以来没有人借过这本书。 6.含短语动词的句子变为被动语态时，要注意保持短语动词的完整性，动词后面原有的介词或副词不可遗漏。此类短语动词有： (1)动词+介词 r ... ...
