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课件网) Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 不定式作定语、状语 Infinitives(1) 一、不定式的定义： 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词 原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不 能独立作谓语。 但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在 句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、 定语、状语等。 主动语态 被动语态 意义 一般时 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后 完成时 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 进行时 表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行 完成进行时 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行 不定式的时态和语态 to do to be done to have done to have been done to be doing to have been doing Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. P42 Ex.1 Functions of infinitives 1.I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作_____) 2.As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.. (作_____) 3.First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作_____) 4.Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.. (作_____) 5.On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.. (作_____) 目的状语 定语 目的状语 目的状语 Summary: 1. 不定式的结构：_____ 2. 分析上面的句子，我们知道在描述太空探索时，动词不定式不仅可以用来作 表_____，还可以用来作_____，表_____。 定语 to+do原形 目的 定语 修饰 状语 意义 不定式及其短语作定语，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。 典例精析 例：1. I’d like to have a few books to read during the trip. 我想有几本书在旅途中阅读。 2. The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。 (1) 常表示将来的动作 典例精析 例：1. He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 2. Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats. 妇女和儿童是第一批上救生艇的人。 (2)不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。 典例精析 例：1. The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 2. I was disappointed at his refusal to attend the opening ceremony. 我对他拒绝参加开幕式感到很失望。 （3）用于抽象名词后，说明它修饰的名词或代词的内容，相当于同位语。 常见的可跟不定式作定语的名词有： decision, wish, chance, promise, plan, time, attempt, effort, right, ability, patience This is the best way to deal with the rice shortage problem. He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall. 典例精析 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 例：1. The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 2. Here is some paper for you to write on. 特别提醒 1. Could you give us something (eat) We are very hungry. 解析：不定式作定语置于被修饰的词后面，与所修 ... ...
