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课件网) 第八章 动词 【复习要求】 1.识记动词的种类。 2.识记动词的基本形式(原形、过去式、过去分词、现在分词)的用法。 3.理解并掌握常用的及物动词和不及物动词的用法。 4.理解常用的连系动词的用法。 5.理解助动词be,do,have,shall,will的用法。 6.理解情态动词can,may,must的用法。 7.理解一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时(包括表示将来的be going to),现在进行时,现在完成时,过去进行时,过去将来时(包括was/were going to do),过去完成时的用法。 8.理解一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在完成时的被动语态以及带有情态动词的被动语态。 9.理解非谓语动词(动词不定式、分词、动名词)的用法。 10.理解虚拟语气。(内容见虚拟语气一章) 【知识要点】 一、动词种类 动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词可分为四类:行为动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。 1.行为动词 行为动词又称实义动词,含有实在的词义,并能独立作谓语动词。行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。如: She took pictures of the trees.(及物动词) The sun shone brightly this morning.(不及物动词) 2.连系动词 连系动词在句中作谓语动词,后面跟表语。英语连系动词有: be,seem,look,keep,become,get,grow,feel,turn,appear,remain等。如: It is never too late to learn. He looks very strong. Keep quiet,please! 3.助动词 协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。助动词主要有be,do,have,shall,will等。 (1)表示时态。如: He is singing. He has got married. (2)表示语态。如: He was sent to England. (3)构成疑问句。如: Do you like college life Did you study English before you came here (4)与否定副词not合用,构成否定句。如: I don’t like him. (5)加强语气。如: Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。 He did know that.他的确知道那件事。 (6)替代动词词组。如: —Do you often watch TV in the evening 你晚上经常看电视吗 —Yes,I do.=Yes,I often watch TV in the evening. 是的,我经常看。 4.情态动词 情态动词表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。情态动词有can,may, must,need,dare,ought,will,shall等及其过去式could,might,would, should等。 (1)can 和could表示能力、可能、许可等。如: —Can you dance —No,I can’t.But John can.(表示能力) Can you be here earlier tomorrow (表示可能) You can use my bike.(表示许可) I could read when I was seven.(表示“过去的能力”) Could you help me with my English (表示请求) (2)may和might表示许可、可能、愿望。如: You may go now.(许可) You may be right.(可能) May you succeed!(愿望) Father said we might go.(过去许可) (3)must表示必须、应该、推测。如: You must tell me about it.(表示义务) You mustn’t lend it to others.(准许) This must be your room.(猜测) He must have arrived there by now.(对过去的猜测) 注:在回答must 开头的疑问句的句子中,否定式常用 needn’t。如: —Must I be home before eight o’clock —No,you needn’t.(Yes,you must.) (4)need用作情态动词时,表示“需要”,主要用于否定句和疑问句。如: Need you return the magazines today You needn’t hurry. 注:need也可作行为动词,常用于肯定句和否定句中,可与助动词连用,其后跟带to 的不定式。如: We don’t need to bring our books that day. (5)dare用作情态动词时,表示“敢于”,用法同need。如: He dare not try. How dare you ... ...
