易错点14 阅读理解主旨大意题 目 录 01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱） 02 举一反三 【易错点提醒一】标题类易混易错点 【易错点提醒二】段落大意类易混易错点 【易错点提醒三】文章大意类易混易错点 03 易错题通关 易错陷阱1：标题类易混易错点。 【分析】 标题类是对中心思想的加工和提炼，可以是单词、短语、也可以是句子。她的特点是短小精悍，多为短语；涵盖性、精确性强；不能随意改变语言表达的程度和色彩。如果是短语类选项，考生容易混淆重点，此时应当先划出选项的关键词。 此类题和文章的中心主题句有很大关系。中心主题句一般出现在第一段，有时第一段也可能引出话题，此时应当重点关注第二段和最后一段，看看是否会出现首尾呼应。 易错陷阱2：段落大意类易混易错点。 【分析】 每个段落都有一个中心思想，通常会在段落的第一句或最后一句体现，这就是段落主题句。如果没有明显的主题句时，应当根据段落内容概括处段落大意。有时考生还会找错文章对应位置，盲目选词文中相同的词句，而出现文不对题的现象。 易错陷阱3：文章大意类易混易错点。 【分析】确定文章主旨的方法是：先看首尾段或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括。如，议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词语，记叙文中寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词。文中出现不同观点时，要牢记作者的观点彩色体现全文中心的。此时，要注意转折词，如：but, however, yet, in spite of, on the contrary等。 【易错点提醒一】 标题类易混易错点 【例1】 （24-25高三上·湖北·阶段练习）The history of the West is not what you learned in school. The idea of civilization is relatively recent. The word was first used only in the mid-18th century and did not take hold of Western imaginations until the late 19th century. In that imperialist age, historians found that Greek and Roman civilization made nice building blocks that could be stacked into a grand- looking construct, which they labeled “Western” Or “European” civilization. To this they attributed (归因) many inherited “classical” virtues: vigor, rationality, justice, democracy and courage to experiment and explore. Other civilizations, by contrast, were regarded as inferior. Odds are strong that you first became aware of the term “Western Civilization” through an introductory survey course in college or AP history in high school. And you’ve lived your life since then believing that “the West” boasts “a common origin resulting in a shared history, a shared heritage, and a shared identity” grounded in the classical era of Greece and Rome. Scholars almost always refer to “the West” when they make major statements about the future of the globe. Well, the fact is that there is no such thing as the West. One might protest: “the West” is “a Civilization”! If “the West” can even be called a Civilization, then it is the least original “Civilization” in history. It is pretty widely acknowledged that virtually no basic technologies were, strictly speaking, invented in Europe or the United States. Metalwork, the plow, hydrocarbon fuels, higher mathematics, paper, wind- powered sea navigation, the compass, powder, and steam engines all came from elsewhere. In terms of the crucial agricultural products tha ... ...
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