主谓一致专题 学案（无答案）-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项

主谓一致专题 1.语法一致：主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即在人称和数上保持一致。 主谓一致 2.意义一致：从意义上处理主谓关系，如：主语形式上虽是单数，但意义上是复 数，谓语动词就应用复数形式。 就近原则：谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 主谓一致：谓语动词和主语保持一致。 主谓一致通常有三种原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。 1.语法一致原则（主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即单数主语用单数动词，复数主语用复数动词。） The book is on the table. (单数主语+单数动词） The students are studying in thelibrary.（复数主语＋复数动词） She has finished her homework.（第三人称单数主语＋单数动词） 2.意义一致原则（根据主语表达的实际意义决定动词单复数，即使语法形式不一致。） 集体名词（如family, team, class）： His family is small.（强调整体，用单数） His family are arguing about thetrip.（强调个体成员，用复数） 表示数量/总量的名词： Ten dollars is enough for lunch.（将金额视为整体，单数） Five years seems like a long time.（时间段作为整体，单数） 3.就近原则（谓语动词的单复数由最靠近它的主语部分决定，常见于并列主语或倒装句。） 由or/nor/not only...but also连接的主语： Neither the teacher nor the students know the answer. (靠近动词的是复数”students”，用复数） Not only the children but also their mother enjoys the game. (靠近动词的是单数”mother”，用单数） There be句型或倒装句： There is a book and two pens onthe desk.（靠近动词的是单数”a book"，用单数） There are two pens and a book onthe desk.（靠近动词的是复数”two pens"，用复数） (一) 以下情况谓语动词用单数： 考点一：不可数名词、动词不定式、动名词、疑问词+不定式、从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。 The information_____useful.( be ) Doing eye exercises _____ good for our eyes. ( be ) 3) To obey the traffic rules _____ very important. ( be ) 4) Where to go _____ not been decided. (have) 考点二：不定代词somebody/ anybody/ everybody/ nobody/ someone/ anyone/ anyone/ everyone/ something/ anything/ everything/ nothing等作主语时。each/ every/ either/ neither等修饰或作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 No one _____ that fact . ( know ) Nobody _____ that kind of man. ( like ) Each student_____this subject. ( like ) 考点三：“形复意单”名词，如：news/grass/politics/physics/maths等作主语时谓语动词用单数。 The news _____ so surprising. ( be ) 2) Physics _____ interesting to learn. ( be ) 考点四：表示度量、距离、金额时间、长度、数学运算等复数名词作主语时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。 Three years _____ passed since then. ( have ) Eleven kilometers _____ too far. ( be ) 3) One and a half years _____ passed. ( have ) 考点五：由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，且两个单数名词前如有every, each或no等词修饰或如果主语是同一个人、同一件事时，谓语动词用单数形式。 1）Every boy and every girl _____ to help the farmers pick oranges. ( want ) 2）The writer and teacher _____ coming. ( be ) 3）The writer and the teacher _____ coming. ( be ) 考点六、“many a/more than one+单数名词作主语时”，谓语动词用单数。 There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。 Many a student has passed the exam.许多学生已经通过 ... ...