高考英语语法复习学案（状语从句）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 高考英语状语从句复习学案 一、学习目标 1. 掌握九类状语从句（时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果）的核心用法与引导词。 2. 精准区分易混淆引导词（如when/while/as、if/unless、though/although等）。 3. 攻克“省略结构”“倒装句”“时态规则”等高频难点。 4. 能在写作中灵活运用状语从句提升句式丰富度与逻辑连贯性。 二、知识体系构建 （一）状语从句的本质与分类 定义： 状语从句在句中充当状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或整个句子，可表示时间、地点、原因、条件等。 核心逻辑：从句说明主句动作发生的“背景”，引导词决定从句的意义。 九类状语从句对比： 类型 引导词举例 例句 时间 when, while, as, before, after, until, since When I arrived, he was sleeping. 地点 where, wherever Where there is a will, there is a way. 原因 because, since, as, for I didn’t go because I was ill. 条件 if, unless, as long as, in case If it rains, we will stay at home. 让步 though, although, even if, whatever Although he is poor, he is happy. 方式 as, as if, as though Do as I told you. 比较 than, as...as, not so...as He is taller than I am. 目的 so that, in order that, in case He studies hard so that he can enter a good university. 结果 so...that, such...that, so that He was so angry that he couldn’t speak. （二）核心引导词用法与易错点 1. 时间状语从句 when/while/as的区别： 引导词 用法特点 例句 when 可接延续/非延续性动词，主句动作可同时或先后发生 When he arrived, I was cooking.（arrived为非延续性动词） while 接延续性动词，强调“同时进行” While I was cooking, he arrived.（was cooking为延续性动词） as 强调“伴随动作”或“一边…一边…” She sang as she walked. until的双重用法： ① 肯定句（主句动词为延续性）：表示“直到…为止” He worked until it became dark. ② 否定句（not...until）：表示“直到…才” He didn’t go to bed until he finished his work. since的时态规则： 主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时： It has been three years since he left. 2. 条件状语从句 if与unless的转换： unless=if...not（除非） Unless you study hard, you will fail. = If you don’t study hard, you will fail. 主将从现规则： 主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来： I will call you if he comes. 其他引导词： as long as（只要）、in case（万一） As long as you try, you will make progress. 3. 让步状语从句 though/although的禁忌： 不可与but连用，但可与yet/still连用： 误：Although he is old, but he is strong. 正：Although he is old, he is still strong. 特殊引导词： ① even if/even though（即使） Even if it rains, we will go hiking. ② whatever/whoever/wherever（无论…） Whoever breaks the rule, he will be punished. 4. 结果状语从句 so vs. such的结构： 结构 so + 形容词/副词 + that从句 such + (a/an)+形容词+名词 + that从句 例句 He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch him. It was such a hot day that we stayed at home. 特殊用法 so + many/few + 可数名词复数 such + a lot of + 名词 so that的双重功能： ① 引导目的状语从句（=in order that，可与can/may等情态动词连用） He gets up early so that he can catch the bus. ② 引导结果状语从句（无情态动词，常与逗号隔开） He didn’t study hard, so that he failed the exam. 5 ... ...