中考英语语法复习学案（主谓一致）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 中考英语主谓一致复习学案 一、主谓一致核心原则 定义：主语与谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致，遵循三大原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 二、语法一致原则（形式匹配） （一）基础名词主语 单数名词/不可数名词：谓语用单数（动词加-s/-es，be动词用is/was）。 例：The book is on the desk. / Milk looks fresh. 复数名词：谓语用复数（动词原形，be动词用are/were）。 例：The books are on the desk. / They play basketball. （二）集体名词作主语 强调整体（如family, group）：谓语用单数。 例：The family is large.（指家庭整体） 强调个体（如police, people）：谓语用复数。 例：The police are searching for the thief.（指警察们） （三）由and连接的主语 不同人/物：谓语用复数。 例：Tom and Lily are students.（两人） 同一人/物（and后无冠词）：谓语用单数。 例：The singer and dancer is on stage.（同一人：歌手兼舞者） （四）不定代词作主语 表单数（如each, everyone）：谓语用单数。 例：Each of the students has a book. 表复数（如both, many）：谓语用复数。 例：Both are good at English. （五）主语+介词短语 主语后接with, as well as等短语时，谓语与主语一致。 例：The teacher, together with students, is going on a trip. 三、意义一致原则（语义匹配） （一）时间/金钱/距离作主语 视为整体，谓语用单数。 例：Ten years is a long time. / Fifty yuan is enough. （二）动名词/不定式作主语 谓语用单数。 例：Reading is fun. / To learn English takes time. （三）分数/百分数+of+名词 谓语与of后名词一致： 名词为单数/不可数：谓语单数。 例：30% of the water is polluted. 名词为复数：谓语复数。 例：40% of the students like math. （四）the+形容词作主语 表一类人（如the poor）：谓语复数。 例：The poor are fighting for life. 表抽象概念（如the beautiful）：谓语单数。 例：The beautiful is not always good. 四、就近一致原则（邻近匹配） （一）there be句型 谓语与邻近主语一致。 例：There is a pen and two books. / There are two books and a pen. （二）并列连词（or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also） 谓语与邻近主语一致。 例：Either you or he is wrong. / Not only I but also they like the movie. （三）here引导的倒装句 谓语与邻近主语一致。 例：Here comes the bus! / Here are some apples. 五、易混点与常见错误 （一）集体名词误判 错误：× The family is watching TV.（指家庭成员） 正确：√ The family are watching TV. （二）and连接主语的单复数混淆 错误：× The teacher and writer are coming.（同一人） 正确：√ The teacher and writer is coming. （三）不定代词主谓不一致 错误：× Each of the girls have a bag. 正确：√ Each of the girls has a bag. （四）there be句型就近原则误用 错误：× There are a boy and three girls. 正确：√ There is a boy and three girls. 六、中考真题解析 （一）集体名词类（2024·广东） The group of students _____ discussing the problem now. A. is B. are C. was 解析：group强调个体（学生们），谓语复数，选B。 （二）就近原则类（2023·北京） Not only my parents but also I _____ interested in the movie. A. am B. is C. are 解析：邻近主语I，谓语用am，选A。 （三）不定代词类（2024·上海） Each of the players _____ a chance to win. A. have B. has C. having 解析：each作主语，谓语单数，选B。 七、 ... ...