
现在完成时的标志词(just,already,yet,for,since)用法讲义及练习 一、现在完成时概述 现在完成时表示 过去发生的动作与现在的联系,强调动作对当前的影响或状态持续至今。其标志词包括 for、since、just、already、yet 等,具体用法如下: 二、核心区别与用法 1. for 与 since - for - 接时间段(如 three hours、ten years),表示动作持续的时间长度。 - 例句: - I have lived here for five years.(我在这里住了五年。) - She has been awake for 10 hours.(她已醒了十小时。) - since - 接时间点(如 2008、last year)或 时间段+ago(如 three years ago),表示动作从某一时间点开始持续至今。 - 三种形式: ① since + 过去时间点: - He has worked here since 2020.(自2020年起他就在这里工作。) ② since + 时间段 + ago: - It has rained since three days ago.(自三天前开始下雨。) ③ since + 过去时从句: - I haven't seen him since he moved to London.(自他搬到伦敦后,我再未见过他。) 总结: - for + 时间段(强调时长) vs. since + 时间点(强调起点) - 互换公式: since + 时间点 = for + 时间段(例:since 2010 = for 15 years) -- 2. just、already 与 yet - just - 含义:表示“刚刚”,强调动作刚发生。 - 位置:紧接在 have/has 之后,过去分词之前。 - 例句: - She has just left.(她刚离开。) - already - 含义:表示“已经”,用于肯定句,强调动作提前完成。 - 位置: ① 句中:have/has already done ② 句末:have/has done already - 例句: - I have already finished.(我已完成了。) - The movie has started already.(电影已经开始了。) - yet - 含义: ① 疑问句中译为“已经”,否定句中译为“还(未)”。 - 位置:只能置于句末。 - 例句: - Have you eaten yet (你吃了吗?) - He hasn't arrived yet.(他还没到。) 总结: - already(肯定句) vs. yet(疑问/否定句) - just 仅用于肯定句,且位置固定。 三、易错点与注意事项 1. 时间点与时间段的区分: - 时间段(如 three days)可用 for,时间点(如 Monday)用 since。 - 判断技巧:复数形式多为时间段(如 days),单数形式可能是时间点或时间段(如 a day 是时间段,Monday 是时间点)。 2. 终止性动词的否定用法: - 终止性动词(如 leave)的否定形式可接时间段: - I haven't left here since 2015.(自2015年起,我从未离开过。)。 3. 固定句型: - It is/has been + 时间段 + since + 过去时从句: - It is ten years since I met her.(自上次见她已过去十年。)。 四、综合对比表 标志词 含义 接续内容 句型位置 例句参考 for 持续时长 时间段 句末或句中 for 5 years since 动作起点 时间点/从句 句首或句中 since 2010 just 刚刚 无 have与分词之间 has just left already 已经(肯定) 无 句中或句末 already done yet 还/已经 无 句末 not...yet 练习题 Fill with for, since, just, already, yet My son went to the supermarket but he hasn't come back _____. Leonard has _____ made his bed but he hasn't called his girlfriend _____. Miriam has lived in Morocco _____ she was ten years old. We have _____ met the new teacher at the high school. The waiter has _____ brought me some coffee and biscuits. Have they visited London _____ No, they haven't _____ been there. That man has _____ come late again. His boss is very angry with him. Has the girl lived in France _____ five years Yes, she arrived five years ago. The plane has flown ... ...
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