新课程标准明确指出四选一阅读主要考查考生理解书面语篇的能力，其中包括对语篇内容、语篇结构的理解和把握，也包括对语篇内容的分析、阐释和评价。近几年，阅读理解的C、D篇因话题新、词汇量大、长难句多等方面对考生的语言综合运用能力和高阶思维能力提出了较大挑战。那么如何最大限度地减少失分困扰呢，考生应该从以下方面着手。 把握文体特征，明确阅读策略 一、文体特征 1．语篇类型 阅读理解C、D篇主要包括科普知识类、动植物特性类、自然现象类、新产品/新工艺介绍类、风土人情类等文章。 2．语言特点 (1)文中专业术语较多，抽象程度高，解题难度大，容易拉开考生分数档次。 (2)文中解释性、定义性、说明性句子较多，长难句较多。 3．结构特点 基本上遵循“首段引入话题，其他部分采用并列式段落或递进式段落对其进行说明”的规律。 (1)总分式：“总—分”和“分—总”结构，以及完整的“总—分—总”结构。 (2)递进式： 事理说明文通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地剖析事理。 (3)并列式：各部分内容没有主次轻重之分。 (4)对照式：通过两个事物的比较说明其异同。 二、阅读策略 1．抓首尾段 首段往往提出说明文的主题，尤其是研究类说明文，研究结果就是主题；尾段往往重申、强调主题。 2．梳理文章结构 (1)整体叙述＋细节或过程说明＋概括评述； (2)现象＋原因＋后果/启示/措施； (3)研究发现/调查结果＋研究/调查过程。 【典例】(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C篇) The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works，and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you． To do so，I divided the book into two parts．In part one，I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable，before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy． Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter．This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days．At the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value． In the final chapter of part one，I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter．In doing so，I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter．You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid． The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养)a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle． In these chapters，I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use．Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices，which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter．You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid you ... ...
