Module1 Unit 3 Pets 核心语法之现在分词作定语和状语精讲精练（含解析）牛津上海版（试用本）九年级英语上册

2025年牛津上海版（试用本）九年级英语上册精讲精练 Unit 3 Pets 核心语法：现在分词作定语和状语 一、现在分词的基本概念 现在分词（Present Participle）是动词的-ing形式（如reading, swimming），具有形容词和副词性质，在句中可作定语和状语。 核心特点： 表示主动或进行的意义 保留动词特性（可带宾语/状语） 构成规则： 一般动词直接加-ing：work → working 以不发音e结尾的去e加-ing：write → writing 重读闭音节双写末尾辅音字母加-ing：run → running 二、现在分词作定语 1. 前置定语（单个分词） 直接放在名词前，表示特征或状态： a sleeping baby（正在睡觉的婴儿） an exciting movie（令人兴奋的电影） 2. 后置定语（分词短语） 放在名词后，相当于省略的定语从句： The girl standing there is my sister.（= who is standing there） The book written by Mo Yan is popular.（= which was written by Mo Yan） 注意： 现在分词作定语表示主动或进行，过去分词表示被动或完成 a developing country（发展中国家） a developed country（发达国家） 三、现在分词作状语 1. 表示时间 Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.（= When he heard the news） Walking along the street, I met an old friend.（= While I was walking） 2. 表示原因 Being ill, he didn't go to school.（= Because he was ill） Not knowing the answer, she kept silent.（= As she didn't know） 3. 表示伴随 He sat by the window, reading a book.（= and read a book） The children ran out of the classroom, laughing and shouting. 4. 表示结果 He fired, killing the enemy.（= and killed the enemy） The bus was stuck in snow, causing a traffic jam. 注意： 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致 Looking out of the window, the mountains are beautiful.（错误） Looking out of the window, I saw beautiful mountains.（正确） 四、易错点辨析 1、现在分词 vs. 动名词 现在分词：具有形容词/副词性质（作定语/状语） The sleeping child is cute.（定语） 动名词：具有名词性质（作主语/宾语） Sleeping is important.（主语） 2、现在分词与不定式的区别 现在分词：表示主动或进行 I saw him crossing the street.（正在过马路） 不定式：表示动作全过程或将来 I saw him cross the street.（穿过马路的全过程） 3、垂悬分词错误 Walking in the park, the flowers are beautiful. Walking in the park, I saw beautiful flowers. 五、记忆口诀 "现在分词-ing，定语状语都能行； 前置后置作定语，主动进行要分清； 作状语，表原因，时间伴随结果明； 逻辑主语需一致，垂悬错误要当心！" 1．Mary can’t help ____the house. Why Because she is busy ____a hotel reservation. A．to clean; making B．cleaning; making C．cleaning; to make D．to clean; to make 2．In this company a large number of people, _____ my parents, _____over 1000 yuan to help Wuhan. A．includes; gave in B．include; gave out C．including; gave up D．including; gave away 3．—Listen! There is someone _____ in the next door. —Oh, that’s Ms. Yang. She _____ an English class for her students. A．speaking; is having B．is speaking; is having C．speaking; having D．is speaking; is having 4．After I finished all my work, I came back home, _____. A．feeling comfortable and relaxing B．felt comfortable and relaxed C．feeling comfortable and relaxed D．felt comfortable and ... ...