2026年中考英语长难句训练第四天 原句一:Scientists have discovered that plants can communicate with each other through underground networks formed by fungi(真菌), which allows them to share nutrients(营养) and warn each other of dangers like insect attacks. 一、句子成分与结构填空题(共 6 处) 句中 "that plants can communicate with each other" 是_____从句,由_____引导,在主句中作_____成分。 "formed by fungi" 是_____短语,修饰名词_____,相当于定语从句_____。 "which allows them to share nutrients" 是_____从句,引导词是_____,修饰的先行词是_____。 主句的主语是_____,谓语动词是_____。 并列连词 "and" 连接的两个动词短语分别是_____和_____。 整个句子中包含_____种类型的从句。 二、填空答案与解析 答案:宾语;that;宾语 解析:"that plants can communicate..." 是宾语从句,由 that 引导,作主句谓语动词 "discovered" 的宾语,说明科学家的发现内容。that 在从句中无实际意义,仅起连接作用。 答案:过去分词;networks;which are formed by fungi 解析:"formed by fungi" 是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词 "networks",相当于定语从句 "which are formed by fungi",说明地下网络的形成方式(由真菌构成)。 答案:定语;which;networks 解析:"which allows them to share nutrients" 是定语从句,关系代词 which 指代先行词 "networks",在从句中作主语,修饰 “地下网络” 的功能(允许植物共享营养)。 答案:Scientists;have discovered 解析:主句为 "Scientists have discovered that...",其中 "Scientists" 是动作的发出者,作主语;"have discovered" 是表示 “发现” 的现在完成时动词短语,作谓语。 答案:share nutrients;warn each other of dangers 解析:并列连词 "and" 连接定语从句中的两个动词短语,分别说明地下网络的两种功能(共享营养和互相警告危险)。 答案:2 解析:句子包含宾语从句(that 引导)和定语从句(which 引导),共两种类型的从句。三、句子结构成分详细分析 主句:Scientists have discovered that... 主语:Scientists 谓语:have discovered 宾语:that 引导的宾语从句 宾语从句:that plants can communicate with each other through underground networks formed by fungi 引导词:that 主语:plants 谓语:can communicate 状语:with each other(方式状语) 状语:through underground networks formed by fungi(途径状语) 后置定语:formed by fungi(修饰 networks) 定语从句:which allows them to share nutrients and warn each other of dangers like insect attacks 引导词:which(指代 networks,作主语) 谓语:allows 宾语:them 宾语补足语:to share nutrients and warn each other of dangers 举例说明:like insect attacks(修饰 dangers) 四、翻译 逐部分翻译: Scientists have discovered that:科学家发现 plants can communicate with each other:植物可以互相交流 through underground networks formed by fungi:通过由真菌构成的地下网络 which allows them to share nutrients:这使得它们能够共享营养 and warn each other of dangers like insect attacks:并互相警告像昆虫袭击这样的危险 整句翻译: 科学家发现,植物可以通过由真菌构成的地下网络互相交流,这使得它们能够共享营养并互相警告像昆虫袭击这样的危险。 原句二:Though she felt nervous when she stood on the stage, Anna delivered the speech that she had prepared for weeks and finally won the first pr ... ...
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