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课件网) Unit 2 Getting along （Grammar） Lead-in (a) The Giant has been away for a long time. (b) Since then, he hasn't seen a child there. Now find more sentences with these structures in the reading passage. Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules. 现在完成时 have/has+done Lead-in 1. We have been friends Grade 3. 2. They have been together three years. 3. last year, we've shared a lot of happy moments. Complete the sentences with for or since. since for since 含有since 或for 的现在完成时 Presentation 含有 since 或 for 的现在完成时 since +“时间点”/“时间段+ago”或从句(一般过去时)。 表示动作或状态从过去的某个时间点开始 since+过去某一时间点 ①两者均可用于完成时态;在陈述句中，与其搭配的动词必须是延续性动词 ②“since+过去某一时间点”可以和“for+一段时间”进行转换 ③对 since/for 构成的表示时间段的短语或句子提问应用 how long since+一段时间+ago since+从句(一般过去时) It is/has been+时间段+since +一般过去时的句子: 自从...以来已有...时间。 for +“一段时间” for+一段时间 Presentation It has been ten years _____ we met last time. 自从我们上次见面以来已经 10年了。 Mr Green has lived in Shanghai _____ 1999. 格林先生自从 1999年以来就住在上海。 I have taught English _____ twelve years ago. =I have taught English _____ twelve years. 我自从 12年前就教英语。 since since since for Presentation 延续性动词 表示的是能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响如:work, keep,walk, wait, live ,stay,know等 可以与表示时间段的状语连用，如: for+时间段, since+时间点/从句等 非延续性动词 表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束或产生某种结果。如:open，borrow, come , g0 ,finish, close , buy 等 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用， 如: three months ago , at 4 o'clock 延续性动词与非延续性动词 Presentation 延续性动词与非延续性动词 ①非延续性动词转化为延续性动词，如: buy →have , borrow→keep。 My father bought the car three years ago. →My father has had the car for three years. 我父亲买这辆小汽车3年了。 ②非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词/副词”,如: leave →be away(from), open → be open, close →be closed , die → be dead, begin/start →be on, finish/end →be over He left his hometown last year. → He has been away from his hometownsince last year 他去年离开了家乡。 The cat died a week ago. → The cat has been dead for a week. 这只猫死了一个星期了。 Presentation 延续性动词与非延续性动词 ③ 非延续性动词转化为“be+介词(短语)”或“be+名词”,如: come/go/join/arrive →be in/at join the army→be a soldier Jim came to China ten years ago. →Jim has been in China for ten years.吉姆来中国 10年了。 borrow → keep buy→have lose → be lost become→be break → be broken open →be open close→be closed stop → be over begin/start→ be on finish/end→ be over get up → be up put on→wear get married →be married come/arrive/get to/reach /go→ be here/in/at join→be in/be a member of leave/move→be away catch a cold→have a cold go to bed→be in bed 下一页 还有其它的归纳如下：（高分突破P2 ... ...
