(
课件网) Unit 7 The secret of memory 主题范畴：人与自我；人与自然 主题群：生活与学习 子主题：自我认识，自我管理，自我提升；积极的学习体验，恰当的学习方法与策略，勤学善思；地球与宇宙探秘 Key question What does it take to remember something 了解艾宾豪斯及其遗忘曲线规律。 在理解人的记忆规律和遗忘时间规律的基础上，改善学习习惯，有效提高记忆英语词文的效率。 注重身心健康管理，有情绪问题大胆走进学校心理咨询室进行求助。 Learning objectives 学习目标 After learning, I will be able to: How good is your memory Look at these numbers for 30 seconds. Then cover them. How many did you remember correctly How did you remember them 5 6 1 9 3 7 4 4 8 2 6 5 1 3 2 Let’s play a game! 单击此处计时 30s Lead-in 艾宾豪斯遗忘曲线 德国心理学家艾宾豪斯在1885年提出了关于遗忘规律的艾宾豪斯遗忘曲线： ·曲线规律：遗忘在学习之后立即开始，且进程不均匀，呈现先快后慢的特点。在记忆最初阶段遗忘速度最快，随后逐渐减慢，长时间后几乎不再遗忘。比如刚记完时记忆保留量为100%，20分钟后约剩58%，1小时后约剩44%，1天后约剩33%，之后记忆保留量越来越少。 背景链接 ·相关结论：理解了的知识记得迅速、全面且牢固，而无意义材料比有意义材料更难记忆和回忆。 ·应用启示：对抗遗忘，学习后需立即复习，后续复习时间间隔可逐渐增加，比如学习第一天后复习，三天后再复习，接着一周后复习等，要在发生遗忘前及时复习，把短时记忆转换为长期记忆。 背景链接 |Psychology* Scientists have done experiments to discover how memory works and why it fails. Let’s explore how we can remember better. P112 科学家们通过实验发现了记忆是如何工作的，以及记忆失败的原因。让我们来探索一下如何才能更好地记忆。 While-reading Hermann Ebbinghaus was the first person to study learning and memory by carrying out an experiment on himself. Below are his findings: Read the article from a science magazine about some findings on memory. How much can you remember after 24 hours Ebbinghaus’s work showed that: ... forgetting happens quickest in the first nine hours. ... it is easier to relearn things forgotten, than new things. Ebbinghaus’s work showed that: ... the things we study longer and more carefully will remain in our memory longer. ... learning meaningless things is difficult. Things that make sense and have meaning are remembered about ten times longer than things that don’t. ... things close to the beginning and end of a list or series are remembered most easily. Ebbinghaus’s work showed that: ... it is easier to remember things if we study them in many learning sessions over longer periods of time. Ebbinghaus discovered a pattern in remembering. He found that in the first hour he forgot things very quickly. Although this slowed down, after about nine hours, people forgot about 60 per cent of what they tried to learn. Finally, he found that 24 hours after studying, people had forgotten around two- thirds of anything they tried to learn and remember. This is the well-known “forgetting curve”. It starts with a sharp drop, followed by a gentle curve. Ebbinghaus’s work encouraged scientists to ... ...
