(
课件网) 虚拟语气精讲精炼 一、虚拟语气用于条件句中的4种情况 1. 虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用 类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式（be动词一般用were） should/would/could/might＋ 动词原形 与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋ have＋过去分词 与将来事实相反 过去式（be用were） should/would/could/might＋ 动词原形 should＋动词原形 were to＋动词原形 If he had time now， he would （should/could/might） go to the cinema with you. （与现在事实相反） 如果他现在有时间，他会和你一起去看电影的。 If you had come a few minutes earlier， you would （should/could/might） have met the famous singer you dreamt of. （与过去事实相反） 如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个你梦寐以求的著名歌手了。 If it were to snow/should snow/snowed this evening， they would （should/could/might） not go out. （与将来事实相反） 如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。 2. 虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装 如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should，有时可把if省略，把 were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装；若为否定形式，not不可 提前。 Had he caught the morning train， he would not have been late for the meeting. 要是他赶上了早晨的火车，他开会就不会迟到了。 3. 错综时间条件句 有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应 根据它们各自发生的时间加以调整。 If we had booked a table earlier， we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue now.（if条件句是对过去的虚拟，而主句是对现在的虚拟） 如果我们早些订位子，现在也就不用站在这里排队了。 4. 含蓄条件句 （1）有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而用but for， without等介词 （短语）来表示。 We wouldn’t have finished the project on time without your timely help. 如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。 （2）用连词otherwise， or等暗示下文与前面的情况相反，从而引出 下文的虚拟语气。 He reminded me of the meeting， otherwise I would have forgotten it. 他提醒了我会议的事，要不然我就忘了。 （3）虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，句型结构为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实 情况”。 She would have come to see you， but she was so busy that day. 她本想来看望你的，但那天她太忙了。 单句语法填空 ①I was busy finishing my paper that day.Otherwise I （go） there with them. ②If he （listen） to the teacher attentively yesterday， he would know the answer to the problem now. ③If he （lie） quietly as the doctor instructed， he wouldn’t suffer so much now. ④Had you studied harder at college， you （get） a better job now. would have gone had listened had lain would/could get 二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句中的4种情况 1. 在“it is＋important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity＋ that ...”句型中，谓语动词用“（should＋）动词原形”。 It’s vital that we （should） take our safety driving along the road seriously. 我们应该重视道路安全驾驶，这是至关重要的。 2. 在would rather （that）后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词如果表示 现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的 动作，从句用过去完成时。 I’d rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday. 我宁愿他前天和 ... ...
