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课件网) Tense in EnglishWhen does it happen How does it happen FAQ为什么since…的主句用现在完成时？为什么有的句子有since又用过去完成时？为什么in thepast30 years要用现在完成时？为什么itisthe first time后面要接have/hasdone lived in Wuhan for 10 years和have lived in Wuhan for 10 years到底有什么区别？…Events are anchored in time●When 什么时候发生的？●“标记时间”是描述事件的首要任务How to mark event timeA dogchaseda cat.A dogis chasinga cat.A dogchasesa cat.A dogwill chasea cat.English:动词出场，时态相随Chinese: has no grammaticalized tenseTime is marked on theverb.Tense in EnglishTense:Event timein relation toSpeech TimeFourtypes of tensePastPresentFutureSpeech TimeHabitualEvent Timein relation toSpeech Time: ET at ST A dogis chasinga cat.: ET before ST A dog chased a cat.: ET after ST A dog will chase a cat.: ET not specified A dogchasesa cat.PresentPastFutureHabitualPresent tense and Habitual tenseI am speakingEnglish.I speak English.Present eventHabitual factHabitual tense :not specifically anchored in a time zoneThe sunrisesin the East.I onlyeattwo meals a day.Stative and Active verbsState : know/ believe/haveAction: eat/ go / hitStative verb: knowActive verb:writePastHeknewthe answer.Hewrotea novel.presentHeknowsthe answer.He is knowing the answer. (×)——— no progressiveHeis writingthe letter.——— always in progressiveHabitualHe (always)knowsthe answer.He (always )writesnovels.Stative verbs and tenseStates do not progress, can not be on-goingNo action is involved.I am knowing the answer.(×)She is believing in God.(×)John is understanding your point .(×)1) I am getting the answer. (√)2) I am trusting God. (√)3) I am trying to understand your point. (√)Active verbs and tensePhysical activityIam studyingEnglish.Hewas buildinga house.Mental activityIam thinkingabout her.Iam dreamingabout my future.When an activity takes place at the ST, it must takeprogressive tense.Tense and AspectsTense(时间点）Aspects(观点）EventTime in relation to Speech Time (发生时间）A perspective（发生样貌）Threedifferent ways of describing the same event:A dogchaseda cat.A dogwas chasinga cat.A doghas chaseda cat.Three different aspectsThe perspective in describing an eventSimple aspect— an independent event viewedas a whole2) Progressive aspect— Be + v-ing :on-going3) Perfect aspect— have/has + pp : an event completedby a reference pointSimple aspectAs a wholeStartingpointOn-goingEndingpointProgressive aspectOn-going eventsin the middle of an eventCo-occurring with another event（同时进行，并非独立）A zoom-in perspective（放大且聚焦）On-goingStartingpointEndingpointSimple vs. progressive aspectA: What did you do at 7 pm last night B: Iatedinner at 7 pm last night.——— a simple,wholisticevent.Iwas eatingdinner at 7 pm.———on – going;zoom – inSimple vs. progressive aspectCompare:When I came in, all studentssmiledat me.——— an event as a whole viewed in distanceWhen I came in, all studentswere ... ...
