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课件网) Unit1 A New Start Sentence elements & Basic sentence structures Contents Basic sentence strutures Sentence elements Exercises 01 03 02 01 Sentence elements 八大句子成分 He saw his son Tom singing (in the yard) and he was happy. 主语 谓语 定语 宾语 同位语 补语 地点状语 连词 表语 系动词 主语 句子成分 1. 主语(Subject)：动作的“发出者” 功能：句子的主体，是动作的发出者或状态的执行者。 常见形式：名词、代词、动名词（如 reading）、不定式（如 to study）等。 Eg： 1. She likes dancing. 2. Swimming is good for health. 3. To learn English well takes time. 4. One-third of the students in this class are girls. 5. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 句子成分 2. 谓语(Verb)：句子的“核心动作/状态” 功能：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，一般由动词或动词词组充当。 常见形式： 1. 简单谓语：仅有一个实义动词。 及物动词（vt）:后面可以直接接宾语，如 buy, eat, teach, send等。 Eg: 1. She bought a new pen yesterday. 2. Miss Xu taught us English. 不及物动词（vi）:后面不能直接接宾语，需添加适当的介词，如sleep， arrive等。 Eg: 1. My little sister slept for 10 hours. 2. The train arrived at the station. 句子成分 2. 谓语(Verb)：句子的“核心动作/状态” 2. 复合谓语：由“辅助动词+核心动词”组成。 情态动词+动词原形： Eg: She can speak three languages. 助动词+动词分词（表时态/语态）： Eg: 1. We have lived here for 5 years. 2. The letter was written by her. 助动词+动词原形（表否定）： Eg: 1. He doesn’t like coffee. 2. I do like English. 句子成分 3. 系动词(Linking verb) 功能：连接主语和表语，不表示具体动作，仅用来说明主语的“身份、特征、状态”。 常见形式： 1. 核心系动词：be动词 Eg：I am a student. The room is clean. 2. 感官系动词: look, sound, smell, taste, feel Eg: The movie looks interesting. The cake tastes delicious. 句子成分 3. 系动词(Linking verb) 常见形式： 3. 变化系动词常见词：become（变成）、get（变得）、turn（转变）、grow（逐渐变得）、go（变得，多接负面状态） Eg: He became a doctor last year. The weather gets cold in winter. 4. 持续系动词：表示主语“保持”某种状态， 如keep（保持）、stay（维持）、remain（依然是） Eg: You should keep quiet in the library. The food stays fresh in the fridge. 句子成分 4. 宾语(Object)：动作的“承受者” 功能：承接主语的动作，一般置于及物动词或介词后。 常见形式： 1. 直接宾语（Direct Object）：直接承受动作的“物”或“事”。 Eg: I bought a book. (直接宾语) He finished his homework.(直接宾语) 2. 间接宾语（Indirect Object）：动作的“对象（人）”。 Eg: I gave her (间接宾语) a book. (直接宾语) Lend your dictionary to me, please. My mom gave me a gift. 物直人间 句子成分 5. 表语(Predicative）：主语的“身份/状态标签” 功能：紧跟系动词，补充说明主语的身份、特征或状态。 常见形式：名词、形容词、介词短语等。 Eg: 1. She is a student. 2. The sky turns red. 3. Her job is to teach English. 4. Tom seems in low spirits today. 5. The truth is that he has never been abroad. 句子成分 6. 定语（Attribute）：名词的“修饰标签” 功能：限定或描述名词/代词，让名词更具体。 常见形式： ... ...
