Unit2Getting along单元语法讲练：现在完成时（含答案） 外研版（2024）英语八年级上册

单元语法精讲精练 ● 单元语法精讲 ● 现在完成时(2) 现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在，还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与 since、for 引导的时间短语或从句连用。需要注意的是，since 后接过去某一时间点的词组或一般过去时的句子；for 后接一段时间。 1. since 的用法 (1)since + 过去的时间点，如：年、月、日、几点等 since 1990 自 1990 年起 (2)since + 时间段 + ago since 3 months ago 自从三个月前 (3)since + 一般过去时的句子 He has stayed in the hotel since last Sunday. 他自上周日就住在这家旅馆了。(从上周日就一直住在这家旅馆，持续到现在，还有可能一直住下去) (4)since 的一个固定句式 "It is + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时的句子。" It is five years since I came here.我来这儿五年了。 2. for 的用法: for + 时间段 She has learned English for 5 years. 她已经学习英语五年了。(一直在学，持续了五年，并且还可能持续学下去) He has worked here for five years. 他在这儿工作已经五年了。 【注意】 (1)在现在完成时中，若对 since 和 for 引导的时间状语进行提问，都可以用 how long。 (2)since 和 for 的句式转换： since+ 时间段 + ago = for + 时间段。 They haven't changed since twenty years ago. =They haven't changed for twenty years. 他们已经二十年没有改变了。 (3)若现在完成时的句子中含表示时间段的时间状语 (如 since/for 引导的时间状语)，则谓语只能使用延续性动词。 【拓展】 动词按其动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。 (1)延续性动词：表示能够延续的动作，也可以表示经验与经历。如：learn, work, stand, lie, walk, sleep, keep, wait, watch, sing, read, stay, live 等。延续性动词可以与 for 和 since 引导的时间状语连用。 He has lived here for 6 years. 他在这儿住了六年了。(一直住在这儿，live 是延续性动词，并且很有可能继续居住下去) I have known her since then. 自从那时起我就认识她了。(一直都认识，know 是延续性动词) (2) 非延续性动词：也称终止性动词或瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, die 等。 非延续性动词不能与 for 和 since 引导的时间状语连用。 His grandmother died 10 years ago. 他的奶奶 10 年前去世了。 She finished the work at 6 o'clock. 她六点完成了工作。 【拓展】 在现在完成时中，如果时间状语表示一段时间，非延续性动词需要转化为延续性动词。常见的转换包括： borrow→ keep buy→ have leave→ be away begin/start→ be on die→ be dead Unit1 现在完成时(2) 语法精练 习题一：用since或for填空 1. He has lived in Beijing _____ 2008. 2. They have been married _____ ten years. 3. I have known her _____ we were children. 4. She has worked here _____ six months. 5. It hasn't rained _____ three weeks. 6. We have waited _____ two hours. 7. He has been ill _____ last Monday. 8. They have been friends _____ a long time. 9. I haven't seen him _____ last week. 10. She has studied English _____ she was six. 习题二：选择题 ( ) 1. How long _____ you _____ English A. have; studied B. has; studied C. did; study ( ) 2. They have worked here _____. A. since three years B. for three years C. three years ago ( ) 3. My brother has had this bike _____ 2019. A. for B. since C. in ( ) 4. She hasn't written to me _____ last mon ... ...