Section Ⅲ Grammar ——— 定语从句 ①Do you remember the teacher who taught us English？ ②This is the place where he used to live. ③Mr Zhang， who came to see me yesterday， is an old friend of mine. ④The boy failed the English exam again， which made him upset. ⑤A young man had a new girlfriend， whom he wanted to impress. 【我的发现】 1.限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有 的作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确，因而 被省略，否则句意就 。 2.非限制性定语从句在句中主要起 的作用，非限制性定语从句与主句之间往往有 隔开，独立存在，省略也不会影响整个句子的意思。 一、限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句，它所修饰的词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或事、物。限制性定语从句与被修饰词之间的关系密切，对其起限定作用，因此不可缺少，否则会影响全句的意义。限制性定语从句前不用逗号。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who，whom，that，which，whose；关系副词有where， when， why。 The gift （that/which） I gave to her is a pet dog. 我给她的那份礼物是一只宠物狗。（The gift 在后面从句中相当于gave的宾语成分，所以关系代词that/which可以省略） A man who is lazy can’t learn much. 一个懒人学不了多少东西。（A man 在后面从句中相当于主语成分，所以who不能省略） They are the people whose houses were destroyed in the earthquake. 他们是房子在地震中被摧毁的那些人。 This is the place where/in which my father works. 这是我爸爸工作的地方。 She still remembered the days when/during which she was studying in China. 她仍然记得在中国学习的那一段日子。 Could you give me the reason why/for which you were late for school？ 你能给我解释一下你为什么迟到吗？ 【即时演练1】 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 ①September is the month students go back to school after a summer vacation. ②（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings， Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life， with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. ③The reason he won the first place in the competition is that not only did he follow the teacher’s advice， but he also trained hard. 二、非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句与被修饰词之间的关系松散，不能对其起限定作用，而是提供有用的补充。在口语中用停顿表示，在书面表达中用逗号与句子的其他部分分开，因此句中的关系代词不能省略。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who，whom，which，whose，as；关系副词有where， when。 I gave her a gift， which is a pet dog. 我给了她一份礼物，礼物是一只宠物狗。（先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时，用which而不用that） He didn’t win the championship， which I hadn’t expected. 他没获得冠军， 这一点是我没预料到的。（which引导非限制性定语从句可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子的含义） He is a very lazy man， who can’t learn much. 他是个很懒的人，学不了什么东西。 He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother， whom he loved and respected as his own mother. 他急于想去医院看望他的继母， 他把他的继母当作亲生母亲一样热爱和尊 ... ...
