Unit 6 When disaster strikes 知识清单-2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级上册

新外研版英语八年级上册 Unit 6 When disaster strikes 知识清单 一、核心词汇 (Key Words) disaster (灾难) earthquake (地震) flood (洪水) typhoon / hurricane (台风/飓风) storm (暴风雨) drought (干旱) wildfire / forest fire (野火/森林火灾) tsunami (海啸) landslide / mudslide (山体滑坡/泥石流) strike / hit (袭击，发生) shake (摇晃) break out (突然发生) damage / destroy (破坏/摧毁) wash away (冲走) blow away (吹走) fall down / collapse (倒塌) hurt / injure (使受伤) save / rescue (拯救) warning (警报) shelter (避难所) safety (安全) danger (危险) help (帮助) aid (援助) victim (受害者) volunteer (志愿者) emergency (紧急情况) 二、重点短语及句型 1. 描述灾害发生 ... struck / hit ... (...袭击了...) A strong earthquake struck the city. There was a ... (发生了一场...) There was a big flood last summer. ... broke out. (...突然爆发了。) A fire broke out in the building. It happened at ... (time) in ... (place). (它发生在...（时间）的...（地点）。) 2. 描述正在进行的动作（当灾害发生时） ... was/were doing sth when ... happened. (当...发生时，...正在做某事。) I was sleeping when the earthquake started. While ... was/were doing sth, ... happened. (正当...在做某事时，...发生了。) While we were having a lesson, the fire alarm rang. 3. 询问与描述经历 What were you doing when ... (当...时，你正在做什么？) What happened (发生了什么？) I saw/heard/felt ... (我看到/听到/感觉到...) I felt the floor shaking. I was very scared/frightened. (我非常害怕。) 4. 给出建议与指示 Stay calm. (保持冷静。) Keep/Drop/Cover/Hold on! (地震应急口诀：蹲下、掩护、抓牢！) Don’t use the lift/elevator. (不要使用电梯。) Move to a safe place. (转移到安全的地方。) Call 110/119/120 for help. (拨打110/119/120求助。) 三、语法知识 (Grammar Focus) 1. 过去进行时 (Past Continuous Tense) 功能：表示在过去某一特定时刻或时段正在进行的动作。 结构：主语 + was/were + 动词现在分词 (V-ing) + 其他. 肯定句：They were watching TV at 8 last night. 否定句：I was not (wasn’t) sleeping at that time. 疑问句：Were you having dinner Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 时间状语：at this/that time yesterday, at 9 o’clock last night, when/while引导的从句。 动词现在分词 (V-ing) 构成规则： 一般加ing：play → playing 以不发音e结尾，去e加ing：take → taking 重读闭音节结尾，双写末尾字母加ing：run → running 2. 连接词 when 和 while 引导的时间状语从句 (Conjunctions: when & while) when： 可表示“当...时”，从句谓语动词可以是延续性动词或非延续性动词。 从句动作和主句动作可以同时发生，也可以有先后。 When the teacher came in, we were reading. (同时，老师进来时，我们在读书。) When the earthquake was over, people went out. (先后，地震结束后，人们出去了。) while： 表示“正当...时”，强调主句和从句的动作同时持续发生。 从句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，常用过去进行时。 While I was walking in the street, I saw an accident. (我正走在街上时，看到了一场事故。) 与过去进行时的搭配： When + 一般过去时，主句用过去进行时：表示当一个短暂动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。 When he called, I was cooking. While + 过去进行时，主句用一般过去时：表示在一个持续动作的过程中， ... ...