【弯道超车】Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 核心语法之一般过去在时被动语态-2026年春外研版（2024）新八年级英语下册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科 / 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科 2026年春外研版（2024）八年级英语下册核心语法精讲精练 Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 核心语法：一般过去时被动语态 一、核心概念 1. 什么是一般过去时的被动语态？ 定义：表示过去某个时间发生的被动动作，或描述过去的状态 核心结构：was/were + 过去分词 (p.p.) 功能：强调过去的动作由主语承受，而非执行 二、结构公式 1. 基本结构： was/were + 过去分词 (p.p.) 主语 be动词 结构 例句 I/He/She/It was was + p.p. I was invited to the party. We/You/They were were + p.p. They were told the news yesterday. 例句 ： Bob was encouraged to train for the high jump.（肯定句） Connie's ability in swimming was not noticed by other coaches.（否定句） 2. 否定形式： was/were + not + 过去分词 结构 例句 was not (wasn't) + p.p. The letter wasn't sent yesterday. were not (weren't) + p.p. The windows weren't cleaned last week. 3. 疑问形式： Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 + 句型 例句 一般疑问句 Was the meeting held yesterday 一般疑问句 Were the tickets sold out 特殊疑问句 When was the bridge built 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't. 三、一般过去时被动语态的用法 1. 表示过去某个时间发生的被动动作 场景 例句 说明 历史事件 The Great Wall was built over 2,000 years ago. 长城建于两千多年前 个人经历 I was given a gift on my birthday. 生日时我收到一份礼物 事故描述 The window was broken by a stone. 窗户被石头打破了 例句 ： "His sister's broken bike was repaired by Tom last weekend."（他妹妹的坏自行车上周被汤姆修好了。） 2. 强调过去动作的承受者，而非执行者 主动语态 被动语态（强调承受者） Someone stole my bike. My bike was stolen last night.（强调自行车被偷） The police caught the thief. The thief was caught by the police.（强调小偷被抓住） 3. 动作执行者不明确或无需提及 情况 例句 说明 不知道执行者 The old building was pulled down last month. 不知道谁拆的 无需指出执行者 The meeting was held in the school hall. 不需要指出谁举办的 动作执行者泛指 Rice was first grown in China. 泛指农民种植 4. 常用于描述历史事件、事故、发明等 例句 ： "The job was well respected centuries ago, but few people do it today."（这份工作几百年前很受尊敬，但现在很少有人做了。） 5. 在故事叙述中描述背景或情节 语境（Unit 2 Growing pains and gains）： "Samantha was scolded by her dad for staying out too late."（萨曼莎因为在外面待得太晚被爸爸责备了。） 四、主动语态变被动语态（一般过去时） 转换三步法 ： 找宾语：主动句的宾语 → 被动句的主语 变谓语：主动句的谓语（动词过去式）→ was/were + 过去分词 加by短语：原主语前加by（可省略） 转换示例 ： 步骤 示例 主动句 Tom repaired his sister's broken bike last weekend. ① 宾语变主语 His sister's broken bike... ② 谓语变被动 ... was repaired ... ③ 加by短语 ... by Tom last weekend. 被动句 His sister's broken bike was repaired by Tom last weekend. 常见转换对比表 ： 主动语态 被动语态 People built this bridge in 1990. This bridge was built in 1990. They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held yesterday. Did they finish the work Was the work finished They didn't send the letters. The letters ... ...