冀教版八年级英语（上）unit2 Lesson16课文讲解和练习

lesson 16 unit review 语法专项讲解 语法专讲现在完成时： 1.现在完成时的基本概念和用法： 现在完成时由have（has）＋动词的过去分词构成。规则动词的过去分词的构成与动词过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词各不相同，需个别记忆。 （1）现在完成时表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，常与just（刚刚），already（已经），ever（曾经），never（从来），yet（尚，还）等表示时间的副词搭配使用。 Have you ever seen the film 你看过这部电影吗？ She has already bought a lot of things. 她已经买了许多东西。 （2）表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作，常与表示段时间的时间状语连用，这样的时间常用since或for来构成。since后面加时间点或从句（从句的时态常用一般过去时）for后加时间段： He has worked here for 15 years. 他在这里工作了15年了。 I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里，一直在学英语。 肯定式，否定式，疑问式如下： I （We, You, They）have read it. He （She）has read it. I （We, You, They）have not read it. He （She）has not read it. Have I （we, you, they）read it Has he （she）read it （3）某些非延续性动词即动作开始便终止的动词，在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间的状语搭配。例如下面这些动词属于非延续性动词，并非不能用于现在完成时，而是不能接由for或since引导的时间状语。die, arrive, join, leave, go, finish, buy, come lend, borrow, marry, 例如： He has come here for two hours. （×）他来了两个小时了。 He has been here for two hours. （4）have （has）gone to表示去了某地但还没有回来。have（has）been to表示去过某地并且已经回来。 He has gone to Shanghai. 他到上海去了。 He has been to Shanghai. 他去过上海。 2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和目前情况无关，它可以和表示过去的时间状语，如yesterday, last year, just now等连用。试比较： It snowed heavily yesterday. 昨天雪下得很大。 It has snowed for three days. 已经下了三天雪了。 现在完成时专项练习 针对练习 基础过关 课堂巩固，基础闯关 一、 单项选择。 (　)1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _____what's happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know (　)2、He has _____ been to Shanghai, has he A. already B. never C.ever D. still (　)3、Have you met Mr. Li _____？ A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago (　)4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year. A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written (　)5、—Our country _____ a lot so far. —Yes. I hope it will be even _____. A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better (　)6、Zhao Lan _____already _____in this school for two years. A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying (　)7.We_____Xiao Li since she was a little girl. A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew (　)8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_____ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see (　)9.—These farmers have been to the United States. —Really When _____ there A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have ... ...