英语：unit2 language-grammar and usage学案（牛津译林版必修3）

本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com M3U2 Language学案 Grammar and usage 第一部分：重点讲解 名词性从句考点及热点问题 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为它是从句，因此具有句子的特点，有主、谓成份；同时又具有名词性特点，所以可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。 1、引导词what与that的用法区别。 引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。例如（NMET’96）： ____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what (答案A ) That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved. 2、引导词whether和if的用法区别。 通常，引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时，要用连词whether，不用if；习惯上也只能说whether or not，而不说if …or not。例如（MET92）： ____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That (答案为C) 3、名词性从句的语序。 与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用自然语序，即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装（而在主句上倒装）。例如（MET91）: No one can be sure ____ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like (答案为A) 4、Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别。 一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。例如（NMET97）： It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever (答案为B) 5、Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。 Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。例如（NMET’99）： — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. — Is that ____ you had a few days off A. why B. when C. that D. where (答案为A） 6、同位语从句引导词where, when的用法特点。 说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where, when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。是比较： Then arose the question ____ we were to get so much money. (答案为A） This the house ____ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago. A. where B. that C. about which D. in which (答案为A/D） It的用法 1人称用法 人称用法是指it可以用来代替一个名词、一个短语、一个从句或一个句子，以避免它们在句中的重复。这时它可以指提到过的，也可以指未提到过的，在句中作主语或宾语。 （1）指非生物、动植物和不明性别的婴儿。That is a new magazine. I bought it this morning. （2）指成员众多的集体 The acrobats performed for a large audience last night. It was very excited by the show. （3）指某一动作或事情 I like dancing,but she doesn't like it. 2指示用法 指示用法是指it用在句型“It is/was+表语”中，指明某人或某物的身份。这时它可以代替this或that，作用同this或that，指提到过的或未提到过的。 What's that It's a computer. 3先行用法 （1）指代不定式。How long does it take to travel from Beijing to Shanghai. （2）指代动词-ing形式。以 It's no use, It's no good等开头的句子常以-ing分词作真正主语。 It's no good crying over spilt milk. It's no use trying to persu ... ...