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备战2018高考英语一轮复习专题讲解(词法部分)代词和数词

日期:2024-05-02 科目:英语 类型:高中学案 查看:52次 大小:132255Byte 来源:二一课件通
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备战,2018,高考,英语,一轮,复习
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代词和数词 代词 人称代词 主格和宾格 通常,人称代词主格用做主语或表语;宾格用做动词或介词的宾语。句子的结构如有变化,也应能加以分析,确定选用哪种形式。例如: It was he who told a lie. It’s not me (who / whom) he wants. (作宾语) This is a secret;it's between you and me.(作介词宾语) 人称代词宾格可用在比较状语从句一类的结构中代替主格。例如: He is taller than me / I (am). I don't swim so well as her / she (does). 两种所有格 人称代词所有格称为物主代词。物主代词分为两类: 形容词性的,如my, her, your, their等; 名词性的,如mine,hers,yours,theirs等。由于受汉语影响,我们常犯以下两种错误: 漏用代词,主要是形容词性的物主代词,因为汉语中常常将它省略。例如: I have done my homework.(不能说 I have done homework.) We clean our classroom every day.(不能说 We clean classroom every day.) 误用代词,混淆两种类型的物主代词,因为汉语中无此区别。例如: That dictionary is not mine.(不能说 That dictionary is not my.) Mine is here.(不能说 My is here.) 注意:形容词性的物主代词只能用作定语,必须与名词连用。例如 What's her name? I am your friend. 名词性的物主代词则可充当名词所能充当的各种句子成分。如: Your pen is black;mine is blue.(作主语) You haven't got a bike?You may use mine.(作宾语) 但是its一般不能单独使用。需要时可以用its own。如: That's the cat's basket. It's its own. 代词做短语动词宾语时的位置 当短语动词由“动词+副词”构成时,代词作宾语必须放在动词和副词中间,名词则不受此限制。如: He looked up the word in the dictionary. He looked the word up in the dictionary. He looked it up in the dictionary. 但如果是由“动词+介词”构成的介词动词,代词作宾语还是要放在介词之后。例如: He's been looking for them all this morning. 反身代词 “反身”用法 反身代词作句中宾语时,表示动作返回到主语本身。或者说,句子的主语和宾语是同一个人或物。例如: He hurt himself.(作动词宾语) Dick bought himself a new coat.(作间接宾语) I heard Jane talk to herself.(作介词宾语) 强调用法 反身代词用作同位语时,在句中起强调作用,其位置也比较灵活。例如: I went to see the mayor myself.(强调主语) We spoke to the mayor himself.(强调宾语) The mayor himself met us at the door.(紧随主语之后) The mayor met us at the door himself.(在句末) 使用反身代词时的常见错误 反身代词一般不可用作句子中的主语、表语或定语。如: Ourselves can do it.(误作主语) We can do it ourselves. 我们自己能干。 I could hardly imagine that the car was himself.(误作表语) I could hardly imagine that the car was his own. 简直难以想象那汽车是他自己的。 That's myself problem.(误作定语) That's a problem of my own.那是我自己的问题。 注意:在少数习惯表达中反身代词可不受语法限制。 I'm not myself today. (我今天不在状态/感觉不好。) In office myself, I helped her get a job. (我帮她在我自己的办公室找了一份工作。) 不定代词 用some还是用any 一般说来,some用于肯定;any用于否定,例如: There are some letters for you. There aren't any letters for me. 疑问句中,一般用any,如问话人心中已经有“数”,或认为对方会做出肯定回答时,用some。试比较: Have you any apples? (I can't see any.) Could I have some of th ... ...

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