2018高考英语人教版一轮复习学案（通用）：语法专题（10份）

专题七　定语从句 考点一　关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who，whom，whose引导的定语从句 (1)who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 ①I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year. 我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。 ②I have many friends to whom I'm going to send post cards. 我有很多我打算给寄贺卡的朋友。 (2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。 (2016·全国甲卷)I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students. 我在班上有一位意想不到的助教，他的创造性经常感染其他的学生。 2．that，which引导的定语从句 (1)which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。 ①She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。 ②(2016·天津高考)Every day I practiced reading and writing，which I used to avoid as much as possible. 每天我都练习过去尽量避免去做的阅读和写作。 (2)限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况： ①先行词为不定代词anything，nothing，something，everything，all，some，none，little，few，the one等时。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 ②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 ③先行词被the only，the very，the last，the same，any，every，each，few，little，no，some，all等修饰时。 The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。 ④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 (3)关系代词只用which而不用that的情况： ①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。 The boy was away from home for a week，which worried his parents very much. 这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。 ②关系代词前有介词时。 We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。 3．as引导的定语从句 (1)as可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“so/such/the same＋先行词＋as...”结构中。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。 [易错警示]　which引导定语从句代指前面整句话的内容时只能位于主句之后。 He kept lying to me，which annoyed me greatly. 他总是对我说谎，这事使我很恼火。 (2)as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之前、之中或之后。 常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the saying goes，as is said above，as is mentioned above，as often ha ... ...