课件编号394191

名词的讲解和部分易混短语及词汇的辨析

日期:2024-05-19 科目:英语 类型:初中学案 查看:12次 大小:8586Byte 来源:二一课件通
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名词,讲解,部分,易混,短语,词汇
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第1讲:名词 名词当然是大家都很熟悉的了,我们吃的food,喝的drinks,穿的clothes 都是名词。It is easy, right 但是你可能被名词的单复数变化、名词作定语以及名词所有格等问题搞得糊里糊涂的,到底该怎么用呢?OK,follow me。   First, 名词复数的特殊变化。   普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es,可是偏偏有一些名词不听话,变化不规则。这些小调皮是:   a. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾,复数要加-es;   b. story, factory 等以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es;   c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es;   d. 以-o结尾的名词,一般来说,末尾是"元音字母+o" 的词加-s,我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是"辅音字母+o"的词,变复数加-es。如:tomato, hero, potato,当然其中的piano 和photo,又是一个例外,他们的结尾只能加-s。   e. child(children), foot(feet), tooth(teeth), mouse(mice), man(men ), woman(women )等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。 注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如:an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans; deer,sheep等词更是懒得可以,竟然单复数同形。好记好记。 people,police,cattle 等词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数,所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式,这就是集体名词。the English,the French,the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时,也作复数用。   注意:maths,politics,physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾,仍为不可数名词。还有the United States(美国),the United Nations(联合国)等应视为单数。   别奇怪,名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数,但也有以下例外。   a. man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:men workers, women teachers。   b. 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如:a ten-mile walk十里路,two-hundred trees 两百棵树。 名词所有格: 表示“……的”通常是在名词的后面加-s,如:Children's day,father's shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了,只需加 ' 就OK了。如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,.则表示“分别有”。.如:John's and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示"共有"。如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间)。 还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下,如:a map of China,the end of this term。   好,名词部分我们已经学完,It's a piece of cake 接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了, 练习: 1. All the _____teachers and_____ students are having a meeting there.   A. women …girls   B. women… girl   C. woman…girls   D. woman…girl  3. This toy was made by a ____ boy.   A. ten-year-old   B. ten-years-old   C. ten-year-older   D. ten-years-older    5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_____.   A. her grandmother   B. her grandmother's   C. her grandmothers'   D. that of her grandmother  6. We have moved into a _____.   A. two- storey house   B. house of two storey   C. two-storeys house   D. two storeys house  7. The _____ was too much for the child to carry.   A. box's steel   B. box of a steel   C. steel box   D. box of the steel  8. We'll give our English teacher a card for _____.   A. the Teacher ... ...

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