【备考2018】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第十三讲 主谓一致 原卷 主谓一致是中考英语的重要语法项目之一,从近年来中考的试题来看,中考主谓一致方面的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择,完型填空等。做这类题时,必须找出句子的真正主语,然后根据记忆的知识作出判断。同时,要遵循三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。 思维导图记知识 主谓一致概述: 谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致的原则 (1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如: He goes to school early every morning. The children are playing outside. To work hard is necessary for a student. (2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如: Both he and I are right. Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如: His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. The poet and writer has come. (3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如: In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. Each man and each woman is asked to help. (4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如: The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class. Bread and butter is a daily food in the west. (5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如: A lot of people are dancing outside. The police are looking for lost boy. (6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如: Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone. (7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:2·1·c·n·j·y Where are my shoes? I can’t find them. Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.21·世纪*教育网 如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:21·cn·jy·com Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed. 2. 意义一致的原则 (1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如: Twenty years is not a long time. Ten dollars is too dear. (2)有些集合名词,如family, team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如: My family is big one. My family are watching TV. (3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:21*cnjy*com All of the work has been finished. All of the people have gone. (4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用 ... ...
~~ 您好,已阅读到文档的结尾了 ~~