高考一轮复习学案 第11讲 简单句(解析版+原卷版)

第 11 讲 简单句（原卷版） 2018年高考英语考试大纲对语言知识的考查中明确规定：要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），其中附录2语法项目表第16个条目就是简单句的基本句型。笔者通过对2016-2018三年高考卷的研究，发现简单句的基本句式虽然没有作为直接考查对象，但是这一语法项目是其它并列句、复合句和长难句的基础，也是理解篇章的根本要素。所以学好简单句的基本句型，正确分析句子成分和判断句子结构是学好语言的必备常识。教师有义务指导考生打好坚实的基础，为篇章理解、完形填空、语篇型填空、短文改错乃至书面表达做好能力提升的准备。 There was an accident which happened to two students in our school yesterday afternoon. School was over. Michael and Jack from Grade 1 went home by bike. They were talking and laughing happily. When they saw a car passing by, they started to run after it. It was very interesting. The bus stopped when the traffic light turned red. The two students couldn’t stop their bikes in time. Michael broke his left arm and Jack hurt his leg. It taught us a lesson that we should be careful in the street. 整个篇章来看，英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看(注意蓝色字体)，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。 一、简单句的基本句型 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋谓） 基本句型二： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 基本句型三： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型四： Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 二、分类讲解： 1. 基本句型一：Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） 这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语。如: It is raining now. (Ｓ Ｖ) We’ve worked for 5 hours. (Ｓ Ｖ) The meeting lasted half an hour. (Ｓ Ｖ) Time flies. (Ｓ Ｖ) 【即学即练】分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 Dark clouds hung overhead. ( ) Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( ) He is smiling all over his face. ( ) I did well in English. ( ) He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( ) 2. 基本句型二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 常见的系动词有:be(是)，become(变得),seem(看起来),appear(显得), get(变得)grow(变得)，turn(变成), remain(仍然是),come(变得),fall(变得),hold(保持),keep(保持),stand(保持),stay(保持),smell(闻起来),look(看起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),feel(摸起来)等。例如 It is a way of thinking. (人教②U5) Its walls remain as good as before. (人教②U1) All of the food looks, smells and tastes wonderful. 3. 基本句型三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。如： The museum also has an excellent restaurant. (人教U1) I like taking risks. (北师大U14) The rapid development of tourism has created many job opportunities. 【即学即练】用下划线画出下列句中的宾语。 1. People all over the world speak English. 2. Jim cannot dress himself. 3. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 4. He did not know what to say. 5. He just wanted to stay at home. 6. He practices spea ... ...