非谓语动词 过去分词: v-ed 不定式: (to) do v-ing 形式 动名词 现在分词 (六) 非谓语动词的常见变形 1. 不定式 to do 一般式 to be done 一般式的被动语态 to have done 完成式 to have been done 完成式的被动语态 for/of sb. to do sth 不定式复合结构 2. 动名词 doing 一般式 being done 被动 sb’s doing 动名词复合结构 3. 分词 doing 主动/正在进行 being done 正在进行的动作的被动 having done 该动作早于谓语动词的动作 having been done 完成式的被动语态 done 被动/已完成 sb./sth. doing 独立主格结构 sb./sth. done 独立主格结构 4. 所有非谓语动词的否定式，都是将 not前置 5. 非谓语动词的前后结构要对称。 Review the general function of non-finite verbs (Tick√or×) √ × × × × √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 非谓语动词 成分 主 语 谓 语 宾 语 表 语 定 语 补 语 状 语 (to) do (不定式) v-ing (动名词) v-ing (现在分词) v-ed (过去分词) (一). 不定式和动名词作主语 I. 不定式作主语时,可以用it作形式主语. 1. It is important _____ Tom to get that job. 2. It is kind _____ you to help me with my English. for of 总结: It is +adj.+for/of sb to do sth的结构中,若此形容词是说明的是不定式的性质时, 则用_____; 若说明的是人(sb.)的特性, 则用_____. It is nice___ you to help me with my English. 2. It is necessary _____you to improve your spoken English. of for for of II. 动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表达法 1. It is no use (good) + 动名词 “做某事没用(不好)” *It’s no use crying over spilt milk. _____。 *在公共场合随地吐痰(spit)不好。 _____. *未来的事无法知道。 _____. *说不清未来会发生什么。 _____。 2. There is no + doing(动名词) “无法...，不能...” (= It is impossible to do sth.) 覆水难收 It’s no good spitting in public There is no knowing what may happen There is no telling what may happen in the future. 1. 散步是锻炼的一种好方法。 2. 教这些孩子是我今天下午的工作。 Walking is a good form of exercise. To teach these children is my job this afternoon. III. 动名词和不定式作主语的区别 总结: 不定式和动名词作主语的区别 ①to do作主语时常表示某一次具体的动作, 具有偶然性; ②doing(动名词)表示习惯性的动作, 往往表 抽象概念。 注意: 该规则同样适用于作宾语, 表语. 比如: like to do / like doing [Practice] --What do you think made Mary so upset? --_____ her new bike. A. As she lost?????????????B. Lost C. Losing???????????????? D. Because of losing C 1. She has no pencil _____. A. to write with B. to write about C. to write D. write in 2. She said she had a important meeting _____. A. to attend in B. to attend C. attend D. attending A B ★若作定语的动词不定式是vi, 后必须要 有介词 不定式作定语 3. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ___ in making the earth a better place to live. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing B ★不定式做定语时: (1). to do 表示事情由句子主语自己做; (2). to be done 表示事情由别人做; 4. I’m thirsty. Would you please give me something _____. A. drunk B. to drink C. to be drunk D. for drinking 5. He is always the first _____ questions. A. to answer B. answering C. to be answered D. being answered B A ★不定式常作不定代词和 ... ...
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