人教版中考英语二轮语法专题复习学案：专题十 动词语态

人教版中考英语二轮语法专题复习：专题十 语态 考情总结 语态是中考英语的常考考点,通常在单项选择和词语运用这两大题型中考查。对语态的考查主要涉及对一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态的考查,考生应掌握不同时态对应的被动语态的构成及其用法。 考点1 被动语态的构成 时态 主动 语态 被动语态 示例 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+过去分词 They make shoes in that factory. 他们在那家工厂制造鞋子。 Shoes are made by them in that factory. 鞋子是由他们在那家工厂制造的。 一般过去时 did was/were+过去分词 We cleaned the classroom just now. 我们刚才打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by us just now. 教室刚才被我们打扫过了。 一般将来时 will/be going to+动词原形 will/be going to be+过去分词 They will finish the work next Friday. 他们下周五将完成这项工作。 The work will be finished by them next Friday. 这项工作将在下周五由他们完成。 现在进 行时 am/is/ are+现在分词 am/is/are being+过去分词 Some workers are painting the walls now. 一些工人现在正在粉刷墙面。 The walls are being painted by some workers now. 现在一些工人正在粉刷墙面。 过去进 行时 was/were+现在分词 was/were being+过去分词 She was watering the flowers in the yard at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候她正在院子里浇花。 The flowers were being watered by her in the yard at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候她正在院子里浇花。 现在完 成时 have/has+过去分词 have/has been+过去分词 I have made a model plane. 我已经制作了一个飞机模型。 A model plane has been made by me. 一个飞机模型已经被我制作出来了。 考点2 被动语态的用法 1.当强调动作的承受者时,如: The cup was broken by David. 这个杯子是被戴维打碎的。 2.当不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者时,如: ①The watch is made of gold. 这块手表是用金子做的。 ②Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year. 每年有许多人死于交通事故。 3.当动作的执行者是物而不是人时,如: Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房屋被洪水冲走了。 4.作客观说明时,常用"It's said/reported+that..."结构。如: It's reported that it will rain tomorrow. 据报道,明天会下雨。 考点3 主动语态变为被动语态 1.主语+及物动词+宾语 Lu Xun wrote the book.→The book was written by Lu Xun. 鲁迅写了这本书。 2.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 I saw some children flying kites in the park.→Some children were seen by me flying kites in the park. 我看到一些孩子在公园里放风筝。 3.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 Jack bought me a present.杰克给我买了个礼物。→ 4.主语+短语动词+宾语 I worked out a plan. →A plan was worked out by me. 我制定了一个计划。 注:短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,由主动句变为被动句时不可漏掉其中的介词或副词。 提分速记 主动语态表示被动意义的情况: (1)某些系动词(look, taste, smell, sound等)用主动形式表示被动意义。如: The soup smells good. 这汤闻起来很香。 (2)write, open, sell, read等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时,可用主动语态表示被动意义。如: The storybook sells well. 这本故事书卖得很好。 (3)某些表示"发生、爆发"的不及物动词或短语,可用主动语态表示被动意义。如: The earthquake happened at nine last night. 昨天晚上九点发生了地震。 (4)某些表示"需要"的动词,可用主动语态表示被动意义。如: The w ... ...