北师大版高中英语模块8 Unit 22 Environmental Pretection转述结构_非谓语动词的被动语态

转述结构/非谓语动词的被动语态 概念引入 转述结构，又称为间接引语，我们在必修5已经学习过。在本单元再复习一下，先看下面句子： 1. They claim that in the last 50 years, gases pumped into the Earth’s atmosphere by the factories and vehicles have been speeding up the process of global warming and affecting our climate. 2. Recent reports warned that global warming will cause terrible climate changes including more frequent flooding, heat waves and droughts. 3. Many people believe that they are simply not prepared to sacrifice the amount of money they make from industry to save the Earth. 这些句子中的黑体词就是要复习的转述结构之一。另外，我们还要小结一下非谓语动词的被动结构。先看下面的句子： Christo manages to do all this without being given any money—his projects are financed completely by the sale of his drawings through galleries and over the Internet. However, his work still tends to be criticized. 这两个句子中斜体部分是谓语动词的被动语态，而黑体部分是非谓语动词的被动语态，第一个是动名词的被动语态，第二个是不定式的被动语态。使用被动语态，尤其是非谓语动词的被动语态要注意什么呢？下面我们就这两方面的内容进行详细复习，其中同时有主动语态和被动语态的句子时，只翻译含被动语态的句子。 用法讲解 转述结构1 定义： 转述结构：在转述他人的话、观点或看法时，常使用转述结构，转述结构也叫间接引语。 几种转述结构： 结构1：动词+ (sb. +) that从句（转述的话是陈述句时） He said, “I’ll give you an examination next Monday.” → He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. 他告诉我们他下周一要给我们一次考试。 (用于此结构的转述动词有： add, agree, repeat, admit, believe, boast (自考), claim, whisper (低语), answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think, complain, deny (否认), insist, remind, suggest, warn, etc. He complained that he was paid too little. 他抱怨给他的钱太少。 He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic. 他向我们解释因为交通拥堵他迟到了。 The judge declared that they were innocent and should be set free right away. 法官宣布他们是无辜的而且应该立刻被释放。 结构2：动词+if/whether从句（转述的话为一般疑问句时） (用于此结构的转述动词主要有ask, wonder, inquire (询问)等。 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” → He asked (me) whether/ if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. 他问我是否在发音方面有困难。 We inquired him whether Russians enjoyed playing golf or not. 我们问他俄国人是否喜欢打高尔夫。 结构3：动词+what/ when等引导的从句（转述的话为特殊疑问句时） (用于此结构的转述动词主要有ask, wonder, inquire (询问)等。 She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?”→ She asked me when they had their dinner. 她问我他们什么时候吃正餐？ 结构4：动词+sb. to do sth. (转述的话为祈使句时) ( 用于此结构的转述动词有：ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。 “Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. → The officer nearby ordered them never to go there again. 附近的军官命令他们不许再去那里。 ( 带有let的祈使句（表示请求，建议或命令），可用suggest + -ing形式或suggest +that从句来表示其相应的意思。 “Let ... ...