北师大版高中英语模块8 Unit 24 Society 用于“说服”的情态动词与虚拟语气

用于“说服”的情态动词与虚拟语气 概念引入 情态动词和虚拟语气我们都学过了，但是这些语法项目在表示“说服”方面各有什么用途，使用时要注意哪些呢？在口语中和书面上用于“说服”的表达法又有什么不同呢？平时你用的那些说法合适吗？在本单元我们就对这些疑问进行解答，先看下面句子： 1. Protest groups are insisting that some of our money be given to the third world. 2. Trade unions demand that the government shorten the working week. 3. If I were you, I would cover my bare arms. The sun is strong. 4. As a society, it’s high time that we took these issues more seriously. 5. On a personal level, we ought to visit the shops less and worry less about image. 这些句子中的斜体部分都是表示“说服”的表达法。句1、句2是表示“建议”和“坚持”的动词与谓语动词是不带to的不定式的从句连用；句3是虚拟条件句表示“建议”的用法，在口语中熟人间经常用这种表达方式；句4是一种语气强烈的批评或责备的表示法；而句5是告知人们应该做什么的正式用法之一。 用法讲解 表示说服--英语书面语中 在正式的英语书面语中，常用下列表达方式来强化“建议”： 1．should/ought to＋动词原形 Every resident should spare no effort to make contributions to the Youth Olympic Games. 每一位市民都应该不遗余力地为青年奥林匹克运动会做贡献。 You ought to keep indoors with that heavy cold. 你患了重感冒，应该留在屋里。 2．demand/ insist/ suggest + that从句 此结构的宾语从句的谓语形式可以有三种形式： 1）should+动词原形 2）动词原形（虚拟语气） 3）现在时态 He suggested that she (should) have a good rest. 他建议她应当好好休息。 I demanded that he (should) answer me as soon as possible. 我要求他尽快给我答复。 I insist that the money is transferred into my account immediately. 我坚持那笔钱立刻转入我的账户。 【拓展】 suggest如果作“暗示，表明”讲，insist作“坚持认为，坚持说”讲时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel and that he (should) not be punished for its getting lost. 那个阿拉伯人坚持说他从未见过那头骆驼，并且坚持自己不能因为骆驼的丢失而受到惩罚。 (and后的that从句用虚拟语气，因为此时insist表示“坚决要求”) Jane’s pale face suggested that she was ill, and her father suggested that she (should) have a medical examination. 简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她父亲建议她做一下体检。 (前面的suggest意为“表明”；后面的suggest意为“建议”，接虚拟语气) 3．It’s high time that从句（从句谓语用一般过去式） 注意：此句式是正式用法，通常为权威人士使用。 It’s high time that the council started to think about local business. 市政委会该考虑一下当地商业了。 It’s high time that we protected the old buildings. 到了我们保护古建筑物的时候了。 表示说服--英语口语中1 跟熟人交谈时用下列表达方式可以使“建议”听上去不生硬，具有试探性： 1. If I were you, I’d + 动词原形 此句式用虚拟语气表示委婉、客气的语气。 If I were you, I’d stop using so much make-up. 如果我是你，我就会不再用那么多化妆品。 If I were you, I would take this job. 如果我是你，我就接受这份工作。 注意：此句式可以省略If，把were提前。如上句可为： Were I you, I would take this job. Were I you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。 2．I think you should/ough ... ...