2020版高考英语二轮复习全国版专题一　语法填空（课件+学案）

专题一　语法填空 策略综述 1．通读全文，理清逻辑 速览全文，尤其是文章的首尾句，以快速了解文章大意、把握基本情节及写作意图并确定总体时态。 2．分析成分，避难就易 此过程中，考生可根据以下几点，边读边填写，一定要做到整句整句地去看。 (1)根据固定语法，直接确定答案 无论是固定搭配还是固定句式，都会在文章中找到相应的隐藏提示，这种题可直接锁定答案。 (2)根据句子成分，确定所填词性 确定所填词性，是语法填空做题非常有效的手段之一。如，①作表语(系动词后)、定语(修饰名词)、或补语(表性质状态)时，通常用形容词； ②副词常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或单独来修饰一句话，作状语； ③作主语或在及物动词、介词后作宾语，前面有形容词修饰时，通常填名词，且要格外注意名词的单复数；如确定出词性不需变化，那很可能是考查该词的意义相反的派生词； ④若句子不缺主语或表语，动词后又不缺宾语，则在名词或代词前填介词； ⑤若空后为形容词最高级或形容词＋单数名词，则基本可确定填冠词； ⑥若名词前没有冠词、形容词性物主代词和不定代词，则很可能填限定词； ⑦如设空处前后均为句子(一般而言，可根据空后有没有实意动词来确定)，则要填关联词。 3．体会语境，攻克难题 少量比较难的问题(主要是关联词或动词的时态和语态)，可根据上下文或整篇语境去仔细体会， 细细琢磨，切忌粗心大意。 4．重读语篇，仔细核实 做完后，应将全文(含自己填写的答案)再仔细审读一遍，确保语意通顺和拼写形式(含大小写)正确。 真题导练 A (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence __61__ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been __62__ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods __63__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __64__ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut __65__ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a __66__ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by __67__ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are __68__ (high) than they actually are. Of __69__ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six __70__ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.　　　　　 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极熊种群数量越来越少、亟须保护的现状。 61．分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。 62．修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。 63．a method of/for doing sth.意为“做某事的方法”。 64．此处是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。故应填to_perform。 65．根据句中的时间状语“in recent years”可判断时态用现在完成时，故应填have_reported。 66．根据空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填believe的名词形式belief。 67．介词后接动词时，应用其动名词形式。故应填notin ... ...