2020年高考英语二轮语法复习讲练结合 专题 十七 主谓一致（word含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 专题十七 主谓一致 I、重点难点解析 主谓一致的高考命题导向 考点主要分布在：语法结构对主谓一致的影响；充当主语的词汇意义对主谓一致的影响；复合句中的主谓一致等。 主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数上的一致，主语的“人称”和“数”决定谓语动词的变化。 一 主谓一致原则一览表 原则 概念 例句 语法一致原则 指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式 Steve Ember is a good player． Children like toys. 意义一致原则 指主语形式上为单数．但表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数．但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式 My family are having lunch now． News is travelling fast nowadays． 就近一致原则 谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语 There is a knife and two forks on the desk． Either you or he is to go． 二 概念归纳： 1. 表时间，距离，金额，重量，数字等的复数名词作“整体”看时，谓语常用单数。 Two hours is quite enough. 2. 以-s结尾的名词作主语时，根据其意思来决定谓语动词的单复数。 1) 表学科的名词(physics)、书报名(the Times)、国名(the United States)或组织名称(the United Nations)及news－单数 2) 单复同形的名词，如：means, works等。 Every means has been tried./ All means have been tried. 3) the Olympic Games－复数 3. 集体名词作主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数： 1) people, police, cattle等名词－复数 2) clothing, furniture, equipment等名词－单数 3) family, class, government等名词表示整体时单数，表单位成员时复数。 4. a number of/a variety of＋复数名词，the＋形容词指“一类人”时作主语，谓语用复数 the number of/the variety of＋复数名词，the＋形容词指抽象的“事物”时，谓语用单数 如：The beautiful is loved by all.（表抽象的概念） 5. 以and连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式，但名词有each, every, no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。 Walking and riding are good exercises. Each boy and each girl wants to have a holiday. 注意：当and连接的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一人，物或概念时，仍用单数。 The teacher and writer is popular with his students.(区别：The teacher and the writer are…) 6. 动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语用单数。但what引导的主语从句视后面的表语而定。 What we need is time./ What we need are books. 7. 主语后接with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, rather than, in addition to等短语时，谓语根据主语用单复数。 8. 在“one of＋复数名词＋who/that”引导的定语从句中的动词用复数，但当one之前有等the (only/very)修饰语时，从句中的动词则用单数。 This is one of the girls who were late for school this morning. This is the only one of the girls who was late for school this morning. 9. glasses, shoes, trousers等复数名词若其前有pair/kind/type/box of等量词修饰时，谓语根据量词的单复数而定。 10. 由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/ half of/the rest of/most of+名词/代词或分数/百分数＋名词”作主语时，谓语视其所接的名词决定单复数。 Three-fifths of the books are intended for the poor students. The rest of the money belongs to you. 11. 由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词/代词作主语及there be结构，谓语与靠近的主语一致。 Not only we but also the teacher li ... ...