高考语法考点突破5：非谓语动词（含解析）

高考语法考点突破 5 非谓语动词 【语法精讲】 考点一 　　　　　　非谓语动词的形式及意义 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义 不定式 一般式 to do to be done 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生 不定式 进行式 to be doing 不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生 完成式 to have done to have been done 不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前 现在分词/动名词 一般式 doing being done 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生 过去分词 一般式 done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成 ◆(2017·江苏卷)Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market. 很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。 ◆(北京卷)There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。 [对点演练]———单句语法填空 1．(2019·河北衡水中学一模)Having practiced(practice) singing since five, I have spent much time improving my voice. 2．a.Linda is thought to be working(work) in Africa, but I really don’t know what country she’s working in. b．Linda is said to have studied(study) abroad, but I am not sure which country it was. 3．Henry can’t attend the party being held at Tom’s house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party to be held at Marie’s house tomorrow.(hold) 考点二 　　　　　　非谓语动词作状语 一、不定式作状语 1．作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。 ◆(2018·北京卷)During the Mid－Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. 在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭、赏月、品尝月饼。 2．作结果状语，常用于下列结构中：only to do(表示意想不到的结果)；enough to do(足够做……)；too...to do...(太……而不能……)；so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。 ◆(四川卷)Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。 3．作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous, surprised, astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。 ◆(辽宁卷)This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 这台机器很容易操作。只需几分钟，任何人都能学会使用它。 二、分词作状语 分词作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与while, when, once, if, unless等连用。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 　◆(2018·江苏卷)Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period, exceeding the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts. 在这期间，大约创造13 500个新的工作， ... ...