高考语法考点突破11：主谓一致（含解析）

高考语法复习 11主谓一致 【语法精讲】 题型 典题试做 考点解读 语法填空 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt are removed(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is(be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is(be) often acceptable. (全国卷Ⅱ)This cycle goes(go) day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. 近几年高考对主谓一致的考查主要在语法一致和意义一致，就近一致相对来说考查较少，并且高考常常将主谓一致与动词的时态、语态结合起来进行综合考查 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 考点一 　　　　　　 语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 ◆(湖南卷)All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health. 所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。 ◆What he said is far from the truth. 他的话与事实相差太远了。 2．主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 ◆The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year. 那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师一样去年得到了一次出国的机会。 ◆I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。 3．and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ◆Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting?room. 她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。 ◆The poet and writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。 4．定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 ◆My friend showed me around the town, which was very kind of him. 我的朋友真是太好了，他带我参观了这个小镇。 5．“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 ◆Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。 ◆Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。 [对点演练]———单句语法填空 1．(湖南卷)Listening to loud music at rock concerts has(have) caused hearing loss in some teenagers. 考点二 　　　　　　意义一致原则 意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个 ... ...