(
课件网) 猜测词义 I 高考阅读微技能 Guessing the Meaning of Words I 考纲解读 根据上下文猜测词义是阅读能力的一部分，也是高考阅读理解测试中重要的一项。在完整的语篇中，单词和词组的意义总是受特定的语境、上下文限制的，因此考生可以根据上下文，并利用所掌握的语法、词汇和构词法等知识确定它们的意义。词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。 在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。 课时学习目标： 1.通过上下文所提供的具体语境，正确判断生词的含义或熟词生义，推断短语或者句子的含义。 2.能够根据上下文信息，上下文内在的逻辑关系和上下文的指代关系，判断猜词的主要依据（主要中心、段落大意和上句、下句的逻辑关系）。 Step 1 Lead-in（上周测卷） (2018 年 浙江)Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to ? A Bans on the plastic bag. B. Effects of city development. C. Headaches caused by garbage. D. Plastic bags hung in trees. A （2019年全国新课标II）Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. Book Crossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. Bruce Pederson, the managing director of Book Crossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to ? A The book B An adventure C A public place D The identification number A 构词法 猜词题常见设问方式 1.By saying that “...” in the first (second ...) paragraph, the author means that _____. 2.In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by “_____”． 3.The meaning of “...” in Paragraph ... is related to _____. 4.Which of the following has the closest meaning to ... (Paragraph ...)？ 5.As is used in Line ..., the word “...” refers to _____. 6.The underlined word/ sentence in the ... paragraph probably means that _____. Step 2 解题示范： 推断下面段落生词的含义，并找出判断猜词的主要依据（用下划线画出来） 例1 (2018年全国I卷.26) If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a“soft-serve" creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and wat ... ...
