通悟语法系列 6-- 非谓语动词 课件（83张PPT）（讲练结合）

第6讲　 非谓语动词 考点1　非谓语动词作状语 【考题小练】单句语法填空 1. Not _____ (have) much experience on buses, I was made extremely angry by the bus driver who pulled over and waited every few streets. having 2. Though they did all they could _____(help) them but times were tough for them. 3. _____(encourage) by the progress he has made, he works harder. 4. Generally _____ (speak), boys like active sports more than girls do. to help Encouraged speaking 【考点精讲】 1. 动词不定式作状语, 表示目的、结果、原因等 (1)作目的状语, 有时用in order to或so as to, 但so as to不用于句首。 *We will continue our campaign to prevent and control air pollution to make our skies blue again. (2)作结果状语, 其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语, 常用结构enough to, so/ such. . . to, too. . . to. . . , only to等。 *He is clever enough to work out the difficult maths problems. *I’m too tired to stay up any longer. (3)作原因状语, 此时常与表示情感的形容词连用, 如glad, happy, frightened, surprised等。 *I was frightened to find that in front of my door sat a dog. 【点津】 动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, good, fit, comfortable等后面作状语, 构成“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构, 不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。 *This book is difficult to understand. 2. 动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语, 常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等, 与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 *Hearing the news, they got excited. *His parents died, leaving him an orphan. 【点津】动词不定式作结果状语时, 常表示意想不到的结果; 而动词-ing形式作结果状语时, 常表示自然而然的结果。 *He hurried to the bus stop, only to find that the bus had already gone. 3. 动词-ed形式作状语 (1)动词-ed形式作状语, 分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 *Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. (2)某些动词-ed形式已经形容词化, 且往往用于一些系表结构中, 此时这些动词-ed形式既不表示被动, 也不表示完成, 而表示一种状态, 如lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(隐瞒的), lost/absorbed in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着……的), tired of(对……感到厌倦的)等。 *Absorbed in his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room. 【点津】有部分分词或不定式短语作状语, 其动词形 式的选择不受上下文的影响, 这种结构称为独立成 分。常用的有considering. . . (鉴于, 考虑到); generally speaking(总的来说); judging by/from. . . (从……来看, 依据……来判断); supposing that. . . (假定……); providing that. . . (假定……); owing to. . . (由于……); talking/speaking of. . . (谈及……); given. . . (考虑 到……); provided that. . . (如果……); to tell the truth(实话实说); to be honest(老实说); to make things worse(更糟糕的是)等。 4. 独立主格结构 (1)独立主格结构的特点: a. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同, 它独立存在; b. 独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系; c. 独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。 (2)独立主格结构的构成: 　 名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。 *Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. *He was listening at ... ...