【时文选读】The Power of Protection 海洋保护大有所为【上】

【时文选读】The Power of Protection 海洋保护大有所为【上】? The Power of Protection 海洋保护大有所为【上】 In most parts of the world, marine conservationis stymied by opposition from fishing, oil, and?mining interests. A mere 7 percent of the world’s?ocean has any protection—mostly weak rules,?with multiple exceptions—and only 2.5 percent?is highly protected from exploitation. Outside of?these zones, the ocean’s story is one of continuing depletion. ? 在全球的大部分区域，海洋保护因牵涉渔业、石油和矿业公司的利益而受到阻挠，困难重重。而其中大部分保护措施的约束力不强，存在多起违规案例；只有2.5%的海洋受到高度保护，完全不被开发利用。而在这些区域之外，世界海洋环境正在不断衰竭。 A few remaining patches of?ocean?are the last wild places of the sea—the marine equivalent of the remotest tracts of old-growth forest in the Amazon—still undamaged by overfishing, pollution and climate change. Enric Sala, former professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, is working with the National Geographic Society and together launched the Pristine Seas?project in 2008. Over the past 12 years, Pristine Seas has helped create 22 marine reserves, making up two-thirds of the world’s fully protected marine areas—covering more than two million square miles in all. ? 世界上仅存的部分原生海域———它们如同亚马逊偏远的原始森林带一样———是海洋中最后的荒原净土，未受过度捕捞、环境污染和气候变化的荼毒。前斯克里普斯海洋学研究所教授Enric Sala联手美国国家地理学会，于2008年共同发起了“原始海洋”（Pristine Seas）项目。经过12年的努力至今，该项目协助建成22个海洋保护区，占世界海洋全面保护区的三分之二，覆盖逾相当于200万平方英里的海域。 Now Sala and his team have set an even more ambitious goal: to see more than a third of the world’s ocean conserved for the purpose not just of sustaining biodiversity but also of replenishing fish stocks and storing carbon. 现在，Sala和“原始海洋”团队有了一个更宏远的目标：保护世界三分之一的海洋，使其不仅能维持生物多样性，还能补充鱼类资源并发挥海洋碳汇作用。 Pristine Seas worked with indigenous Palauans to give an ancient conservation tradition a modern twist. For centuries Palauans have used temporary fishing closures?known as buls?to preserve and rebuild their reef fish stocks. Over the years they created 35 reserves that protected marine life around their islands, some of which banned fishing permanently. ? “原始海洋”项目曾与帕劳当地土著居民合作，为古老的渔业保护注入了现代活力。“buls”是当地沿用几百年的临时禁渔传统，帕劳人通过这种方式来保护珊瑚礁鱼群，使其能“休养生息”。多年的积累，帕劳今已设立35个海洋保护区，其中部分为永久禁渔区，保护了岛屿周边的海洋生命。 Comparing the abundance of fish inside and outside the no-take reserves, Sala’s team found that the species targeted by fishers were almost twice as plentiful within the no-take areas. “We wanted Palauans to see how well their traditional management works and that, as well as protecting their reefs, it benefits tourism,”?Sala says. ? Sala的团队在对比禁渔区内外的鱼群总量后发现，禁 ... ...