15.备战高考写作之说明文（教师版+学生版）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 ( 高考说明文写作指导 ) ( 知识 导图 ) ( 要 点 精析 ) 应用文是一种与日常生活、学习或工作密切相关, 实用性很强的文体, 包括书信(或电子邮件)、日记、通知、发言稿和读后感等, 每种类别的应用文都有各自的结构和行文特点。 （一）书信（电子邮件） 书信通常包括商务信函和私人信函, 从内容方面包括求职或求学的申请信、批评或投诉抱怨信、建议信、祝贺或感谢或慰问信等。书信是应用文中使用最广泛的文体。其中建议信和申请信考察最频繁。电子邮件与书信的格式差不多。 建议信 1、写作思路 第一段：开门见山地说明写信的意图，即信的开头要交代事由。 第二段：交代对信中所反映的主要问题的看法和建议，不同内容可分段。 第三段：表达美好祝愿，期待对方回信。 2、写作模板 Dear , Learning/Hearing that_____, I’m now writing to extend a helping hand, hoping that my suggestions may be of great benefit to you to some extent. Frankly speaking, there is no denying that the following suggestions carried out, things would probably become much better. First and foremost, there is no doubt that you are supposed to_____. Additionally, it goes without saying that it is beneficial for you to_____. Last but not least, needless to say, if I were you, I would_____. I genuinely hope that you will take my suggestions into consideration, and your prompt (迅速的) attention to my suggestions would be highly appreciated. Best wishes to you! Yours sincerely, Signature 3、例题 假设你是明启中学的王磊，你校学生会即将组织一次徒步活动，并在校园网公布了如下方案，征求师生的意见。写一封邮件给活动组织者，内容须包括： 　　1.你认为方案中需要改进的地方及改进建议; 　　2.你的理由。　 徒步活动方案 主题：发现上海 时间：5月1日(周日)下午3点 路线：从人民广场出发，途径南京路，抵达外滩(the Bund)后原路返回 Hearing the news that our Students Union will organize a walking program and has put the drafted plan on the Internet, I’m writing to air my thoughts about it as follows. To begin With, from my point of view, the time planned is not appropriate. As is known to all, the first day of May is the first day of holiday in China so that the center city of Shanghai is sure to be crowded on that day. So the date had better be postponed till the weekend before or after the holiday, thus ensuring that we students have a good taste of beauty of Shanghai. Moreover, I hold the idea that the route should be revised. Personally, after approaching at the Bund, it’s not a desirable option to go back according to the originate route. Instead, we students can go to other places of interest to go back to school, which guarantees a golden opportunity of witnessing the beauty of Shanghai. In a nutshell, all the above thoughts are based on my personal perspective and there may still leave something to be desired, but as far as my strong wish to contribute to the program is concerned, I would be much obliged if you could take my suggestions into account. 申请信 1、写作思路 第一段：表明自己对某个工作或职位感兴趣，并提出申请。 第二段：介绍相关个人信息，主要包括你具备了什么样的素质来胜任这份工作和你为什么想得到这份工作。 第三段：提出要求 ... ...