2021届高考二轮英语考点透析学案：解密10 定语从句 (学生版+教师版)

解密10定语从句 【考点解读】 定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括： 1. 考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。如: that, which和where, when的区分; that, which和why的区分等。 2. 考查whose的使用。whose可以指代人或物, 在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。指物时, whose＋名词＝名 词＋ of which ＝ of which＋名词。如： The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor. 3. 考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what引 导的主语从句的区分。 4. 考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如： I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble. 5. 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom， 指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如： The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students. 6. 考查一些特殊的先行词。如: 当situation, point, case, activity, scene及period, festival, occasion等出现时, 要 注意具体情况具体分析; 作主语、宾语和表语时, 用关系代词that/which; 作状语时, 用关系副词 where/when或“介词＋which”, 表示在某种特定的情形下。 7. 考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别。 【高考预测】 定语从句是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如which/that/as/ when/where的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。在高考的中主要体现在语法填空、短文改错、完形填空等中，且完形填空80%每年会出一道题。 1. 定语从句中的引导词及其在从句中的作用 所作成分 代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主语 who which that 宾语 whom/who which that 定语 whose/of whom whose/of which ?Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语) ?He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) ?The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚才和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。 ?The package(which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语) ?A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. 双亲都死了的孩子叫作孤儿。(whose表示那个孩子的双亲) ?He lives in a room whose window faces south. 他住在那个窗户朝南的房子里。(whose表示那个房子的窗户) 2. 关系代词that和which的用法区别 情况 说明 只用that不用which 先行词是不定代词或由不定代词修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰时 先行词被the very，the only等修饰时 主句是以which，what，who开头的特殊疑问句时 先行词既有人也有物时 两个定语从句中一个关系代词用which，另一个要用that 只用which不用that 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词前有介词时 先行词本身是that时 ?It is the best film(that)I have seen.这是我看过的最棒的电影。 ?He is the very man that they are looking for.他正是他们在寻找的人。 ?They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们谈到他们记得的学校的那些人和事。 3. 关系代词as引导限制性定语从句的用法 （1）as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等，引导限 ... ...