第九章动词概说（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

第九章 动词概说 思维导图 知识梳理 一、实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词 动词是表示动作、状态或性质等的词,根据其词义及在句中的作用可分为实义动词(亦称行为动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类. (一)实义动词 实义动词又称为行为动词,表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,在句中能独立作谓语.实义动词又可分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.). 1.及物动词,它后面必须跟宾语才有完整的意义 I like none of the books.这些书我全不喜欢. I know little about the subject.我对这个问题知道得很少. She killed the locust with a newspaper.她用张报纸把蝗虫打死了. I gave him some books.我给了他几本书. He often reads an English book.他经常看英文书. 注意 及物动词可用于被动语态. 2.不及物动词本身意思完整,其后无须跟宾语 My father often comes back late.我父亲经常晚回来. The sun shone brightly this morning.今天早晨阳光灿烂. 不及物动词不能直接接名词,如果要接名词,要在动词和名词之间加介词或副词. I looked for my watch every place but I didn't find it.我到处找我的表,但是没找到. I'll wait for you until eight o'clock.我将等你到八点钟. 有一些动词既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词.如何区别它们,就看它们后面是否直接接名词作宾语. She sings very well.她歌唱得很好.(用作不及物动词) She sings English songs very well.她唱英语歌唱得很好.(用作及物动词) (二)连系动词 它本身有一定词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须与表语一起构成系表结构.连系动词可以分为三类: 1.单纯表示一个特征或状态 用得最多的是be(是、在),另外还有feel(觉得、摸上去),look(看起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),seem(似乎是),appear(显得、看来好像)等. The flowers look beautiful.这些花看上去很漂亮. She is a very good student.她是个非常好的学生. The cake smells strange.这蛋糕有怪味. Her voice sounds sweet.她的嗓音很甜美. I'm not feeling well. I often feel tired.我感觉不舒服.我常常感到疲劳. The medicine tastes terrible.这种药太难吃了. 2.表示变成某种状态 这样的动词有become(变成),come(成为),fall(变得),get(变得),grow(渐渐变得),run(变成),turn(变为),go(变成),prove(证明),make(变为). His grandma is growing very old.他的祖母年纪很大了. It's getting darker and darker.天越来越黑了. He became a doctor three years ago.他3年前当上了医生. His face turned pale. He must be ill.他的脸变得苍白,他一定是病了. He fell asleep.他睡着了. The meat has gone bad.肉变坏了. The river ran dry(=stopped flowing)during the drought.这条河在干旱期间断流了. 3.表示保持某种状态 这样的动词有continue(仍旧是),keep(保持),lie(处于······状态),remain(仍是),,stand(处于···状态),stay(继续处于······状态)等.Keep quiet, please.请安静. You must look after yourself and keep healthy.你要照顾好自己,保持身体健康. The weather continued fine for several days.一连好几天天气都很好. Shops remained open till late in the evening.商店开到晚上很晚的时候. The window stayed open all the night.窗子整夜开着. The house stood empty for a long time.那所房子空了好长一段时间. 4.表示感觉或知觉的连系动词 常用来表示人的感觉或知觉的连系动词有feel, taste, smell, sound和look,分别相当于汉语中的“摸起来,感觉”“尝起来”“闻起来”“听起来”“看上去”的概念.后面通常接形容词作表语,也可接介词短语like. The music sounds beautiful.这段音乐听 ... ...